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STRUKTUR DAN METODE PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH ROTAN JERNANG (Daemonorops dransfieldii Rustiami)
Abstract
Buah rotan jernang merupakan hasil hutan bukan kayu bernilai ekonomi tinggi karena pada eksokarp buah terdapat resin. Buah rotan jernang dipanen sebelum benih mencapai masak fisiologis untuk mendapatkan resin kualitas tinggi sehingga tanaman tidak dapat meregenerasi secara alamiah dan rotan jernang di habitat alami semakin berkurang. Kendala dalam ketersedian benih bermutu adalah perkecambahan lama dan pertumbuhan bibit tidak seragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan metode perkecambahan yang lebih cepat dan seragam, mempelajari proses perkecambahan, dan mengembangkan metode uji daya berkecambah. Percobaan pertama menggunakan RAL dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah pencongkelan operkulum, terdiri atas dua taraf yaitu benih utuh dan benih tanpa operkulum. Faktor kedua adalah perendaman benih terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu kontrol, perendaman menggunakan aquades dan KNO3 0,2%. Percobaan kedua menggunakan RAL satu faktor yaitu media perkecambahan terdiri atas media pasir dan cocopeat. Data dianalisis menggunakan SAS 9.4 dan diuji lanjut menggunakan DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Pencongkelan operkulum dan tanpa perendaman dapat meningkatkan indeks vigor dan kecepatan tumbuh. Proses perkecambahan benih rotan jernang (benih tanpa operkulum) terdiri atas empat tahap yaitu terbentuk tangkai kotiledon, kotiledon ligule, akar dan daun. Hitungan pertama dan hitungan terakhir uji daya berkecambah adalah 72 dan 104 hari setelah tanam. Kriteria kecambah normal adalah panjang plumula minimum ±15 mm, akar berkembang dengan sempurna yaitu terdapat akar primer dan akar sekunder. Media terbaik untuk perkecambahan benih rotan jernang adalah pasir.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2022.10.1.81-99
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