The carbon stock as indicator of peatland recovery after fire in Central Kalimantan
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Peat swamp forest fire was the main cause of the huge carbon stock loss. Forest recovery after fire took a huge cost and long period of time. The aim of this research was to determine the carbon stock on various peat land condition and management intervention and utilize it as bio-indicator for degraded peat swamp forest recovery after fire. The data was collected from three location representing three sites: after 1997 fire (ex 1997), unburnt secondary forest and area that was severely burnt in 2005 but already re-planted. Measurement was carried out on the vegetation carbon stock namely seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. The carbon stock was determined using 5 sampling plots on secondary forest and 6 plots on other sites. Carbon counting was using allometric equation. The result showed that the carbon stock was affected by the various type and management intervention of the sites especially at the rehabilitation site. The carbon stock of ex-1997 and secondary forest was not significantly different on all stages of vegetation including the total number. The carbon stock on ex-1997 and secondary forest was 258, 95 Mg/Ha and 254,36 Mg/Ha, respectively. The condition showed that ex-1997 site had the ability to naturally recovered. The rate of recovery can be approached with carbon stock estimation as indicator for peatland recovery after fire. The indicator can be used on sites with no species diversity requirements as recovery factor such as protected or conservation areas.
Keywords: natural, allometric, degradation, indicator
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Astiani, D. (2016). Tropical peatland tree-species diversity altered by forest degradation. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 17(1), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170115.
Badan Restorasi Gambut (BRG). (2016). Mengawali Restorasi Gambut Indonesia.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN). (2011). Pengukuran dan penghitungan cadangan karbon – Pengukuran lapangan untuk penaksiran cadangan karbon hutan ( ground based forest carbon accounting ) (No. 7724; 2011).
Blackham, G. V., Andri Thomas, Webb, E. L., & Corlett, R. T. (2013). Seed rain into a degraded tropical peatland in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biological Conservation, 167, 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.015.
Blackham, G. V., Webb, E. L., & Corlett, R. T. (2014). Natural regeneration in a degraded tropical peatland, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Implications for forest restoration. Forest Ecology and Management, 324, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.041.
Carmenta, R., Zabala, A., Trihadmojo, B., Gaveau, D., Salim, M. A., & Phelps, J. (2020). Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, September 2019, 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102154.
Cattau, M. E., Harrison, M. E., Shinyo, I., Tungau, S., Uriarte, M., & Defries, R. (2016). Sources of anthropogenic fi re ignitions on the peat-swamp landscape in Kalimantan , Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 39, 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.005.
Dharmawan, I. W. S. (2013). Persamaan alometrik dan cadangan karbon vegetasi pada hutan gambut primer dan bekas terbakar. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Dan Konservasi Alam, 10(2), 175–191.
Dohong, A., Aziz, A. A., & Dargusch, P. (2017). A review of the drivers of tropical peatland degradation in South-East Asia. Land Use Policy, 69(May), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.035.
Graham, L. L. B. B., Turjaman, M., & Page, S. E. (2013). Shorea balangeran and Dyera polyphylla (syn. Dyera lowii) as tropical peat swamp forest restoration transplant species: Effects of mycorrhizae and level of disturbance. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 21(5), 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-013-9302-x.
Hairiah, K., Ekadinata, A., Sari, R. R., & Rahayu, S. (2011). Pengukuran cadangan karbon dari tingkat lahan ke bentang lahan (Kedua). World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF.
Hermanto, & Wawan. (2017). Sifat-Sifat Tanah pada Berbagai Tingkat Kebakaran Lahan Gambut di Desa Rimbo Panjang Kecamatan Tambang Soil Properties at Various Levels of Peatland Fires in Rimbo Panjang Village of the Tambang districts. Jom Faperta, 4(2), 1–13.
Hoscilo, A., Page, S. E., Tansey, K. J., & Rieley, J. O. (2011). Effect of repeated fires on land-cover change on peatland in southern Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 1973 to 2005. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 20(4), 578–588. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF10029.
Hoscilo, A., Page, S., & Tansey, K. (2008). Development of post-fire vegetation in the tropical ecosystem of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Restoration of Tropical Peatlands, Editors by: Henk Wosten, Jack Rieley and Susan Page. Restorpeat and International Peat Society, 2008, 148–153.
Lampela, M., Jauhiainen, J., Kämäri, I., Koskinen, M., Tanhuanpää, T., Valkeapää, A., & Vasander, H. (2016). Ground surface microtopography and vegetation patterns in a tropical peat swamp forest. Catena, 139, 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.12.016.
Lampela, M., Jauhiainen, J., Sarkkola, S., & Vasander, H. (2017). Promising native tree species for reforestation of degraded tropical peatlands. Forest Ecology and Management, 394, 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.12.004.
Lin, S., Cheung, Y. K., Xiao, Y., & Huang, X. (2020). Can rain suppress smoldering peat fire? Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138468.
Manuri, S., Brack, C., Nugroho, N. P., Hergoualc’h, K., Novita, N., Dotzauer, H., Verchot, L., Putra, C. A. S., & Widyasari, E. (2014). Tree biomass equations for tropical peat swamp forest ecosystems in Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management, 334, 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.031.
Nurzakiah, S., Wakhid, N., & Nursyamsi, D. (2017). Stratifikasi simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tanah pada lahan gambut pasang surut dan lebak. Berita Biologi, 16(3), 289–296.
Page, S. E., Rieley, J. O., & Banks, C. J. (2011). Global and regional importance of the tropical peatland carbon pool. Global Change Biology, 17(2), 798–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x.
Page, S. E., Siegert, F., Rieley, J. O., Boehm, H. V, Jaya, A., & Limin, S. (2002). The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997. 1999(1), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01141.1.
Posa, M. R. C., Wijedasa, L. S., & Corlett, R. T. (2011). Biodiversity and Conservation of Tropical Peat Swamp Forests. BioScience, 61(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10.
Qirom, M. A. (2017). Kemampuan Pemulihan Areal Bekas Terbakar pada Hutan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Basah Tahun 2016, 1073–1078.
Qirom, M. A., Halwany, W., Rahmanadi, D., & Tampubolon, A. P. (2019). Studi Biofisik pada Lanskap Hutan Rawa Gambut di Taman Nasional Sebangau: Kasus di Resort Mangkok. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 24(3), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.24.3.188.
Qirom, M. A., Windawati, T. A., Kissinger, & Fithria, A. (2021). Potensi Simpanan Karbon pada beberapa Tutupan Lahan di Hutan Kerangas Liang Anggang, Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Galam, 1(2), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.20886/GLM.2021.2.1.61-78.
Qirom, M. A., Yuwati, T. W., & Santosa, P. B. (2013). The Changes of Natural Regeneration and Surface Carbon Stock after Peat Swamp Forest Fires. In M. Osaki, H. Takahashi, T. Honma, T. Hirano, Ardiano, H. Hayasaka, T. Kohyama, S. Tanaka, K. Hirose, H. Segah, S. Shiodera, E. Momota, B. Setiadi, K. Widen, A. Usup, S. Gumiri, A. Hidayat, N. Masripatin, J. S. Rahajoe, … B. Dulbert (Eds.), Proceeding of International Symposium on Wild Fire and Carbon Management in Peat-Forest in Indonesia (Issue September, pp. 129–134). Hokkaido University, Palangka Raya University.
Qirom, M. A., Yuwati, T. W., Santosa, P. B., Halwany, W., & Rachmadi, D. (2018). Potensi Simpanan Karbon pada beberapa Tipologi Hutan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu, 12(2), 196–2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13051.
Rudel, T. K. (2009). Succession Theory : Reassessing a Neglected Meta-narrative about Environment and Development Succession Theory : Intellectual Currents in the Late 20th Century Assessing Succession Theory. Human Ecology Review, 16(1), 84–92.
Santosa, P. B., Susianto, A., & Ariani, R. (2016). Pengelolaan KHDTK Tumbang Nusa.
Simbolon, H. (2004). Proses awal pemulihan hutan gambut Kelampangan-Kalimantan Tengah pasca kebaran hutan Desember 1997 dan September 2002. Berita Biologi, 7(September 2002), 145–154.
Sinclair, A. L., Graham, L. L. B., Putra, E. I., Saharjo, B. H., Applegate, G., Grover, S. P., & Cochrane, M. A. (2020). Effects of distance from canal and degradation history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland. Science of The Total Environment, 699, 134199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199.
Vijayakumar, D. B. P., Raulier, F., Bernier, P., Paré, D., Gauthier, S., Bergeron, Y., & Pothier, D. (2016). Cover density recovery after fire disturbance controls landscape aboveground biomass carbon in the boreal forest of eastern Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 360, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.035.
Volkova, L., Krisnawati, H., Adinugroho, W. C., Imanuddin, R., Qirom, M. A., Santosa, P. B., Halwany, W., & Weston, C. J. (2021). Identifying and addressing knowledge gaps for improving greenhouse gas emissions estimates from tropical peat forest fires. Science of the Total Environment, 763(xxxx), 142933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142933.
Wijedasa, L. S., Vernimmen, R., Page, S. E., Mulyadi, D., Bahri, S., Randi, A., Evans, T. A., Priatna, D., Jensen, R. M., & Hooijer, A. (2020). Forest Ecology and Management Distance to forest , mammal and bird dispersal drive natural regeneration on degraded tropical peatland. Forest Ecology and Management, 461(August 2019), 117868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117868.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/glm.2021.1.2.108-122
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal GALAM
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Banjarbaru
Jl. A. Yani Km. 28,7 Guntung Manggis - Landasan Ulin - Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan 70721, Kotak Pos 1065, Telp. (0511) 4707872, Fax. (0511) 4707872
e-mail : galamjurnal@gmail.com
Website : http://banjarbaru.litbang.menlhk.go.id/
Jurnal Galam Terindex di :
eISSN 2723-5084, pISSN 2723-4924
Jurnal Galam All content is licensed under a This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Copyright © 2020 | Jurnal Galam
