PENGARUH PENGAIRAN, PEMUPUKAN, DAN PENGHAMBAT NITRIFIKASI TERHADAP EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA DI LAHAN SAWAH TANAH MINERAL

R Kartikawati, D Nursyamsi

Abstract


Pengairan dan pemupukan merupakan dua faktor yang sangat penting dalam mempengaruhi hasil padi serta proses pembentukan gas rumah kaca (CH4 dan N2O) di lahan sawah tanah mineral. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengairan, pemupukan, dan penghambat nitrifikasi (NI) terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca di lahan sawah tanah mineral telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Jakenan pada MK 2011. Perlakuan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dan ulangan 3 kali. Petak utama adalah pengelolaan air, yaitu: pengairan terus-menerus (I1) dan pengairan terputus (I2), sedangkan anak petak adalah pemupukan, yaitu: kontrol (P1), NPK 25% (P2), NPK 50% (P3), NPK 75% (P4), NPK 100% (P5) dan NPK 100% + NI (P6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengairan terputus mampu menekan emisi CH4 sebesar 60% sehingga Global Warming Potential (GWP) juga menurun, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil gabah, dan meningkatkan indeks emisi 34%. Pemupukan NPK meningkatkan emisi CH4 181% dan N2O 7%, meningkatkan hasil gabah 116%, dan indeks emisi 29%. Penggunaan NI menurunkan emisi N2O 21%, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil gabah, dan meningkatkan indeks emisi 29 %. Berdasarkan data tersebut maka pengairan terputus yang dikombinasikan dengan NPK 100%+NI merupakan teknologi mitigasi terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil padi dan menurunkan emisi GRK di lahan sawah tanah mineral.

Keywords


emisi gas rumah kaca, lahan sawah, pengairan, pemupukan, tanah mineral

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2013.7.2.93-107

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