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Komposisi Kimia Deposisi Basah di Jakarta, Serpong, Bandung, Kototabang, dan Maros Selama Tahun 2015-2019
Abstract
Komposisi Kimia Deposisi Basah di Jakarta, Serpong, Bandung, Kototabang, dan Maros Selama Tahun 2015-2019. Dalam dekade terakhir, peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar fosil yang berasal dari pembangunan ekonomi yang cepat dari sektor transportasi dan kegiatan industri telah menghasilkan emisi berbagai polutan udara. Hal tersebut menyebabkan masalah lingkungan di seluruh dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Deposisi asam yang diakibatkan oleh pencemaran udara masih merupakan isu wilayah di Asia. Jaringan Pemantauan Deposisi Asam di Asia Timur (EANET) yang mencakup Asia Timur Laut dan Tenggara, telah melakukan kegiatan pemantauan deposisi asam dan pengaruhnya terhadap ekosistem. Terdapat 5 (lima) lokasi pemantauan deposisi asam di Indonesia yang tergabung dalam EANET, yaitu Jakarta, Serpong, Bandung, Kototabang, dan Maros. Parameter air hujan yang dianalisis adalah pH, daya hantar listrik, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, dan SO42-. pH air hujan dapat mengindikasikan potensi terjadinya deposisi asam. Selama tahun 2015-2019, rata-rata tingkat keasaman air hujan di Jakarta, Serpong, Bandung, Kototabang, dan Maros masing-masing adalah 4,85, 5,17, 5,55, 5,23, dan 5,28. Meskipun masih terindikasi mengalami efek deposisi asam, nilai pH tersebut relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan periode sebelumnya. Potensi penyebab keasaman air hujan dapat dilihat melalui ion NO3- dan nss SO42-, sementara senyawa penetralisasinya adalah NH4+ dan nss Ca2+. Fraksi ekuivalen nitrat menunjukkan bahwa HNO3 yang lebih berpengaruh dalam terjadinya deposisi asam di Jakarta, Serpong, dan Bandung, tetapi di Kototabang dan Maros lebih disebabkan oleh H2SO4. Fraksi ekuivalen amonium di Kototabang menunjukkan bahwa peran CaCO3 lebih dominan dalam menetralisasi senyawa asam, sementara di kota-kota lainnya lebih didominasi oleh NH3. Kajian ini mengindikasikan bahwa dominasi sumber pencemaran berasal dari kegiatan antropogenik.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2021.15.2.89-100
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