PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN PENGHAMBATAN RADIKAL BEBAS EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU BANGKAL (Nauclea subdita)

Nazarni Rahmi, Rais Salim, Miyono Miyono, M Ikhwan Rizki

Abstract


Kulit kayu bangkal merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk lokal Kalimantan Selatan untuk pengobatan dan perawatan kecantikan. Masih terbatas penelitian yang mengeksplorasi ekstrak kulit kayu bangkal dalam hal penentuan proses ekstraksi yang optimal, pemilihan pelarut, kandungan senyawa kimia serta aktivitas biologis yang dimiliki oleh ekstrak bangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh metode ekstraksi dan jenis pelarut terhadap kandungan senyawa aktif berikut aktivitas antibakteri dan aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas dari ekstrak kulit kayu bangkal. Kayu bangkal diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi, perkolasi dan soxhletasi dengan berbagai pelarut yaitu akuades, etanol 96, etanol 70% dan etil asetat. Total senyawa fenolik ditentukan dengan metode Folin ciocalteu, total flavonoid dengan AlCl3, dan total tanin dengan vanilin. Pengujian aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas menggunakan metode DPPH dan antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan metode sokhletasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% mempunyai kandungan total fenolik yang tertinggi sebesar 81,12±1,66 mg/gr GAE. Total flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada metode perkolasi dengan pelarut etil asetat yaitu 24,24± 0,057 mg/gr QE dan total tanin terbaik pada metode perkolasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% sebesar 36,92±,81 mg/gr CE. Ekstrak etanol 70% pada ketiga metode ekstraksi menunjukkan penghambatan radikal DPPH yang sama besar diatas 80%. Aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak menunjukkan semua perlakuan metode dan jenis pelarut mempunyai daya hambat terhadap P. acne dengan zona hambat yang bervariasi sementara hanya ekstrak etil asetat dan air yang mampu menghambat P. acne dan S. aureus. Metode ekstraksi dan polaritas pelarut memegang peran penting dalan menentukan metode yang efisien dalam mengekstraksi fitokimia dan aktivitas biologis pada bangkal.


Keywords


Antibakteri; bangkal; DPPH; ekstraksi; pelarut

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2021.39.1.13-26

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