ISOLAT DAN KARAKTERISASI ENZIMATIS MIKROBA LIGNOSELULOLITIK DI TIGA TIPE EKOSISTEM TAMAN NASIONAL

Luciasih Agustini, Ragil S.B. Irianto, Maman Turjaman, Erdy Santoso

Sari


Biomassa berlignoselulosa sering dianggap sebagai limbah dari industri kehutanan dan pertanian. Sebenarnya, material yang mengandung senyawa lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa ini dapat menjadi sumber energi dan sumberdaya baru yang penting bagi pengembangan industri yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Di alam  banyak terdapat mikroba yang berpotensi untuk proses perombakan biomassa, baik berupa jamur, bakteri, maupun ragi atau khamir. Hutan Indonesia kaya akan biodiversitas mikroba, namun penelitian mengenai biodiversitas mikroba yang mampu mendegradasi biomassa berlignoselulosa masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang eksplorasi dan bioprospeksi mikroba yang berpotensi menghasilkan enzim-enzim lignoselulolitik. Eksplorasi mikroba dilakukan di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, TN Gunung Ciremai dan TN Bali Barat. Isolat diperoleh dari berbagai macam sampel, seperti tanah, serasah dan kayu. Mikroba yang terisolasi diseleksi berdasarkan potensi enzimatisnya menggunakan media selektif (Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) dan reagentpendeteksi (Pyrogallol dan α-naphthol). Diperoleh 517 isolat, tujuh diantaranya terindikasi memiliki kemampuan untuk mensintesa empat jenis enzim lignoselulolitik yang diujikan sekaligus.

 


Kata Kunci


Biodegradasi; biosintesa; biomassa berlignoselulosa; enzim; lignoselulosa; lignoselulolitik; mikroba

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2011.8.2.197-210

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