KOMPOSISI FLORA DAN KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN DI HUTAN RAWA MUSIMAN, RIMBO TUJUH DANAU RIAU

Lisdayanti Lisdayanti, Agus Hikmat, Istomo Istomo

Sari


ABSTRACT

Freshwater swamp forest is the most productive ecosystem and plays an important role in the ecological system. The aimed of this study was to analyze structure, composition, plant diversity and to identify the important abiotic environment factors influencing plant diversity on seasonal Tujuh Danau Swamp Forest, Riau. This study was carried out with the quadrat plot methods. In total 200 plots were laid on 1,000 ha area. The result revealed that 97 species of 36 families were identified in the study site. Seedlings and trees contained greater numbers of individuals than saplings and poles levels. Sterculia gilva Mig. was the dominant species in all (seedling, sapling, poles, trees) level. The dominant family in all growth levels were Euphorbiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae. Tree diameters class distribution was a reverse “J” curve indicating the forest in a normal condition. Shannon-Wienner diversity index were high at the extent of 3.08-3.29. Species distribution base on Evenness index showed that the distribution of species was unequal on seasonal swamp forest community. Soil properties of silt, sand, clay and canopy cover were the important abiotic factors influencing the diversity of seedlings on the seasonal swamp forest.

Key words: Composition, diversity, forest, seasonal, swamp.

ABSTRAK

Hutan rawa air tawar merupakan salah satu tipe ekosistem yang produktif dan berperan penting dalam mengatur berbagai macam sistem ekologis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang struktur, komposisi dan keragaman tumbuhan hutan rawa musiman Rimbo Tujuh Danau, Riau serta faktor lingkungan abiotik yang berpengaruh penting terhadap keragaman tumbuhan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode garis berpetak, dimana sebanyak 200 petak dibuat dalam area hutan rawa musiman seluas 1.000 ha. Keragaman tumbuhan teridentifikasi sebanyak 36 famili dan 97 spesies. Semai dan pohon merupakan tingkat pertumbuhan dengan jumlah individu yang lebih banyak daripada tingkat pancang dan tiang. Sterculia gilva Mig. merupakan spesies yang mendominasi pada seluruh tingkat pertumbuhan (semai, pancang, tiang dan pohon). Pada tingkat famili yang mendominasi adalah Euphorbiaceae dan Dipterocarpaceae. Sebaran kelas diameter pohon membentuk kurva J terbalik, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa komunitas hutan dalam kondisi stabil. Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wienner menunjukkan tingkat keragaman yang tinggi yaitu 3,08-3,29. Distribusi spesies berdasarkan indeks kemerataan menunjukkan sebaran spesies tidak sama dalam komunitas hutan. Karakteristik tanah, debu, pasir, liat dan tutupan tajuk merupakan faktor abiotik yang berpengaruh penting terhadap keragaman semai dalam hutan rawa musiman.

Kata kunci: Hutan rawa, keragaman jenis tumbuhan, komposisi jenis.


Kata Kunci


Hutan rawa; keragaman jenis tumbuhan; komposisi jenis

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Ferreira, L.V. & Parolin, P. (2011). Effects of flooding duration on plant demography in a black-water floodplain forest in Central Amazonia. Botânica. 62: 323-332.

Filho, A.T.O., Vilela E.A., Gavilanes M.L. & Carvalho D.A. (1993). Effect of flooding regime and understorey bamboos on the physiognomy and tree species composition of tropical semideciduous forest in Southern Brazil. Vegetatio. 113: 99-124.

Gupta, N., Anthwal A. & Bahuguna A. (2006). Biodiversity of Mothronwala Swamp, Doon Valley, Uttaranchal. Journal of American Science. 2(3): 33-40.

Hoagland, B.W., Sorrels L.R. & Glenn S.M. (1996). Woody species composition of floodplain forests of the little river, McCurtain and LeFlore Counties, Oklahoma. Proceedings of Oklahoma Academy of Science. 76: 23-29.

Indriyanto. (2006). Ekologi hutan. Bumi Aksara. hlm 210. Jakarta. Kusmana, C. (1997). Metode survey vegetasi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. hlm 39-43. Bogor.

Lisdayanti. (2013). Keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan dan potensi pemanfaatannya di Taman Wisata Alam Buluhcina, Riau. [Tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Magurran, A.E. (1988). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Croom Helm. hlm 35-37. Australia.

Maingi, J.K. & Marsh S.E.. (2006). Composition, structure, and regeneration patterns in a gallery forest along the Tana River near

Bura, Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management. 236: 211-228.

Mata, D.I., Moreno-Casasola P., Madero-Vega C & Castillo-Campos G. (2011). Floristic composition and soil characteristics of tropical freshwater forested wetlands of Veracruz on the coastal plain of the gulf of Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management. 262: 1514-1531.

Nuyim, T. (2005). Guideline on peat swamp forest rehabilitation and planting in Thailand. Global Environment Centre & Wetlands International. Thailand. Odum, E.P. (1993). Dasar-dasar ekologi. Edisi ketiga. Tjahyono Samingan penerjemah. Gajah Mada University Press. hlm 179. Yogyakarta.

Rasnovi, S. (2006). Ekologi regenerasi tumbuhan berkayu pada sistem agroforest karet. [Disertasi]. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Rhee S., Kitchener D., Brown T., Merrill R., Dilts R. & Tighe S. (2004). Report on biodiversity tropical forest in Indonesia. Submitted in Accordance with Foreign Assistence Act Sections 118/119. United States (US): Agency for International Development.[diunduh2012Des15]. Tersedia pada http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/ 200402%20Indonesia20Biodiversity%20and%20Tropical%20Forest.pdf

Samsoedin, I. & Heriyanto. (2010). Struktur dan komposisi hutan pamah bekas tebangan ilegal di kelompok hutan Sei Lepan, Sei Serdang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Konservasi Alam. 7(3): 299-314.

Setiadi, D. (2004). Keanekaragaman spesies tingkat pohon di Taman Wisata Alam Ruteng, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Biodiversitas. 6(2) : 118-122.

Seema, P. Soni., Negi M., Kamboj S.K. & Rana B.B. (2010). Floristic inventory of woody plants in fresh water Wetland of Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India. Nature Science. (8)11: 75-81.

Sharma, N., & Joshi S.P. (2008). Comparative study of a fresh water swamp of Doon Valley. Journal American Science. 4(1): 7- 10.

Soerianegara, I. & Indrawan A. (1998). Ekologi hutan Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan. IPB. Bogor.

Suleman S.M. 2013. Kestabilan populasi tumbuhan mangrove Rhizophora apiculata Blume dan Rhizophora mucronata Lam. di Laguna Tasilaha Kabupaten Donggala. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Matematika II. Jurusan pendidikan MIPA FKIP UNTAD 2013. 28-34.

Teixeira, A.P., Assis M.A. & Siqueira F.R. & Casagrande J.C. (2011). Tree species composition and environmental relationships in a Neotropical swamp forest in Southeastern Brazil. Wet-lands Ecology Management 16: 451-46.

Ter Braak, C.J.E. & Verdonschot P.E.M. (1995). Canonical correspondence analysis and related multivariate methods in aquatic ecology. Aquatic science. 57(3): 1015- 1621.

Ter Braak C.J.F. (1986). Canonical Correspondence Analysis: a New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis. Ecology. 67(5): 1167-1179.

Theilade, I., Schmidt L., Chhang P & McDonald A. (2011). Evergreen swamp forest in Cambodia: floristic composition, ecological characteristics and conservation status. Nourdic Journal of Botany. 29: 71-80.

Tuheteru, F.D. & Mahfudz. (2012). Ekologi, manfaat dan rehabilitasi, hutan pantai Indonesia. [Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado]. Manado, Indonesia. hlm 178.

Ubom, R.M., Ogbemudia F.O. & Benson K.O. (2012). Soil-vegetation relationship in fresh water swamp forest. Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences. 1(2): 43-51.

Yusuf, R., Purwaningsih & Gusman. (2005). Komposisi dan struktur vegetasi hutan alam rimbo panti, Sumatera Barat. Biodiversitas. (6)4: 266-271.

Yusuf, R. & Purwaningsih. (2005). Komposisi jenis dan struktur vegetasi hutan di kawasan Pakuli, Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah. Biodiversitas. 6(2): 123-128.

Yusuf, R. & Purwaningsih. (2009). Studi vegetasi hutan rawa air tawar di Cagar Alam Rimbo Panti, Sumatera Barat. Berita Biologi. 9(5): 491-508.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2016.13.1.15-28

##submission.copyrightStatement##

##submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN DAN KONSERVASI ALAM INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (JPHKA)

eISSN : 2540-9689, pISSN : 0216-0439 

JPHKA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.