KEKAYAAN JENIS POHON DI HUTAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO, JAWA BARAT

Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Sri Astutik, Zaenal Mutaqien, Didik Widyatmoko, Endah Sulistyawati

Sari


ABSTRACT

Trees are one of the main important structures in forest vegetation. Other than timber and non-timber product, trees also indirectly provide ecosystem services. Until now, information on tree species richness and its relation to the elevation gradient in Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park (MGPNP) is not exist. The objectives of this research were to estimate the trees species richness and describe the relation between tree diversity to the elevation gradient in this area. A total of 26 plots (size: 20 m x 100 m each) from 1,013 m - 3,010 m asl were laid down and classified into three zones i.e. sub montane (1,000 m-1,500 m asl), montane (1,500 m-2,400 m asl) and subalpine zone (>2,400 m asl). The results showed that tree species richness on this mountain taken from 1,479 enumerated trees was 127 species. Species richness of each zone were 79, 70 and 33 species for sub montane, montane and sub alpine zone respectively. The sub montane zone hold the highest tree species richness. A significant effect of elevation gradient to tree diversity indices was identified. The individual number was positively correlated, while species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness index were negatively correlated with elevation gradient.

Key words: Montane zone, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, sub alpine zone, sub montane zone, trees.

ABSTRAK

Kelas pohon merupakan unsur penting dalam struktur vegetasi suatu hutan. Nilai penting pohon selain sebagai penghasil kayu dan non kayu juga berperan penting dalam jasa lingkungan. Sampai saat ini, informasi tentang berapa jumlah minimal jenis pohon yang ada di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango belum secara persis diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang jumlah minimal jenis pohon dan keterkaitannya dengan faktor ketinggian tempat di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango. Sejumlah 26 plot berukuran 20 m x 100 m yang berada pada rentang ketinggian 1.013-3.010 m dpl dibuat dan dikelompokkan dalam tiga zona, yaitu zona sub montana (1.000-1.500 m dpl), zona montana (1.500-2.400 m dpl) dan zona sub alpin (> 2.400 m dpl). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total jenis pohon yang terdapat di kawasan ini (yang terdiri dari 1.479 individu pohon), yaitu 127 jenis dengan jumlah jenis pada masing-masing zona adalah 79 jenis (zona sub montana), 70 jenis (zona montana) dan 33 jenis (zona sub alpin). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dari 127 jenis pohon yang berhasil dicatat, zona sub montana merupakan zona yang memiliki jenis pohon terbanyak. Selain itu juga, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara ketinggian tempat dengan indeks keragaman pohon. Jumlah individu pohon diketahui memiliki korelasi yang positif dengan faktor ketinggian, sementara jumlah jenis, indeks Shannon-Wiener dan indeks Evenness memiliki korelasi negatif dengan faktor ketinggian.

Kata kunci: Pohon, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango, zona montana, zona sub montana, zona sub alpine.


Kata Kunci


Pohon; Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango; zona montana; zona sub montana; zona sub alpine

Teks Lengkap:

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2016.13.1.1-14

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