KARAKTERISTIK MORFO-FISIOLOGI DAUN DAN BENIH TEMBESU DARI 5 POPULASI DI JAWA BARAT DAN SUMATERA SELATAN

Yulianti Bramasto, Dede Jajat Sudrajat

Sari


ABSTRACT


Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) is a multipurpose indigenous species in Indonesia that can grow well on various types of site, such as in the dry land, temporary waterlogged or permanent waterlogged land. The purpose of this study was to examine the morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves, fruits, and seeds of tembesu from five populations in South Sumatra and Western Java. Analysis of variance with completely randomized design was used to discern the characters among the five populations (Kemampo, Sungai Pinang, Kota Raya, Dago, and Carita). The results showed that all of the morpho-physiological characteristics of leaves, fruits, and seeds were significantly different among populations. Severalvariables of agro-climate significantly correlated with leaves, fruits, and seeds characteristics indicating the environment’s influence. Most of the charaters had higher environment coefficient of variances than genotypic coefficient of variances which revealed a high environment contributions. Based on the characteristics of leaves, fruits, and seeds, the populations can be grouped in two, i.e. the first group consisted of the population from South Sumatra (Kemampo, Sungai Pinang, Kota Raya) and the second group from the population of Western Java (Dago and Carita). The investigation has important practical implications for genetic resources management and future breedingprograms of tembesu.


Key words: Fragraea fragrans, morphology, site grow, viability

ABSTRAK


Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) merupakan salah satu jenis multiguna asli Indonesia yang mampu  tumbuh pada berbagai tipe lahan, seperti lahan kering, lahan tergenang sementara dan selalu tergenang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman karakteristik morfo fisiologi daun, buah, dan benih tembesu dari lima populasi di Sumatera Selatan dan Jawa Bagian Barat. Analisis ragam dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan karakteristik daun, buah, dan benih tembesu dari lima populasi (Kemampo, Sungai Pinang, Kota Raya, Dago, dan Carita). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh karakter morfo-fisiologis daun, buah, dan benih tembesu berbeda nyata antar populasi. Beberapa variabel agro-iklim berkorelasi dengan karakteristik daun, buah, dan benih yang memberi indikasi adanya pengaruh lingkungan selain genetik. Sebagian besar karakteristik daun, buah, dan benih memiliki nilai koefisien keragaman lingkungan yang lebih besar dibandingkan koefisien keragaman genetik yang menunjukkan besarnya kontribusi lingkungan. Berdasarkan karakteristik daun, buah, dan benih, dari lima populasi yang diuji terdapat dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok pertama, populasi Sumatera Selatan  (Kemampo, Sungai Pinang, Kota Raya) dan kelompok kedua populasi Jawa Bagian Barat (Dago dan Carita). Penelitian mempunyai implikasi praktis yang penting untuk pengelolaan sumber daya genetik dan program pemuliaan tembesu ke depan.


Kata kunci : Fagraea fragrans, morfologi, tempat tumbuh, viabilitas
 

 


Kata Kunci


Fagraea fragrans; morfologi; tempat tumbuh; viabilitas

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2018.15.1.1-15

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