PERBANYAKAN VEGETATIF MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla King) DENGAN CARA STEK PUCUK

Hani Sitti Nuroniah, Yeni Nuraeni, Rina Bogidarmanti

Sari


ABSTRACT

Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) plantations are threatened by shoot borer (Hypsiyla robusta), therefore the resistance of mahogany plants to shoot borer become a priority for the establishment of mahogany plantations. Elite trees that have resistance to shoot borer could be found through genetic selection of mahogany population in the field.  Propagation of these elite trees should be prepared by vegetative propation to ensure that the mother plant’s characteristics were inherited. Vegetative propagation of mahogany was conducted by cuttings. The experiment design consisted of split plot in randomly group with 4 medias and 3 IBA treatments; repeated 3 groups with 15 seedlings per experimental unit. Cutting materials were collected from one year old seedlings. Successful cutting was determined by these parameters: percentage of rooted cuttings, numbers of root, root length, shoot length, root biomass, and shoot biomass. The results showed that media factor had significant effect to cuttings, while soaking cutting material in growth regulators gave no significant effect. The highest percentage of rooted cutting was produced by media cocopeat+husk (2:1, v/v) by 93%. The greatest number of roots were generated using rice husk and coconut+husk (2:1, v/v) by 4.5 strands of roots. The longest root was produced using media soil by length 86 mm. Based on these cutting parameters, cocopeat+husk is the most optimal media for mahogany cuttings.


Keywords: cuttings, mahogany, rooting media

 ABSTRAK

Penanaman mahoni terancam oleh serangan hama penggerek pucuk Hypsipyla robusta, sehingga pencarian mahoni yang memiliki sifat resisten menjadi prioritas dalam pengembangan mahoni. Seleksi genetik dari populasi mahoni di lapangan yang terbukti memiliki ketahanan terhadap Hypsipila adalah salah satu cara untuk memperoleh pohon unggul mahoni. Perbanyakan bibit dari pohon unggul harus dilakukan secara vegetatif agar anakan memperoleh sifat unggul dari induknya. Pada penelitian ini, perbanyakan vegetatif pada spesies mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) telah dilakukan dengan cara stek pucuk. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan split plot dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan petak utama jenis media yang terdiri atas 4 jenis media, anak petak konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh yaitu 3 konsentrasi IBA, dan dikelompokan menjadi 3 kelompok. Bahan stek diambil dari pucuk anakan umur 1 tahun. Keberhasilan stek pucuk dilihat dari parameter persentase berakar, jumlah akar, panjang akar, panjang tunas, biomassa akar, dan biomassa pucuk. Faktor media berpengaruh nyata terhadap proses stek, sedangkan pemberian IBA dengan cara perendaman basal tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata. Persentase berakar  tertinggi dihasilkan dari media campuran sabut kelapa+sekam (2:1, v/v) sebesar 93% atau lebih tinggi 16% dibandingkan media kontrol (tanah). Jumlah akar terbanyak dihasilkan dari media arang sekam dan campuran sabut kelapa+sekam (2:1, v/v) sebanyak 4,5 helai atau naik sebesar 47% dibandingkan kontrol. Panjang akar tertinggi dihasilkan oleh kontrol (media tanah) dengan nilai 86 mm. Berdasarkan parameter pertumbuhan stek, media sabut kelapa+sekam (2;1, v/v) merupakan media yang paling optimal untuk stek pucuk mahoni.

Kata kunci: mahoni, media perakaran, stek pucuk

 


Kata Kunci


mahoni; media perakaran; stek pucuk

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Agulló-Antón, M.Á., Ferrández-Ayela, A., Fernández-García, N., Nicolás, C., Albacete, A., Pérez-Alfocea, F., … Acosta, M. (2014). Early steps of adventitious rooting: Morphology, hormonal profiling and carbohydrate turnover in carnation stem cuttings. Physiologia Plantarum, 150(3), 446–462. http://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12114

Andra, V. I., Vlad, I., Vlad, M., & Vlad, R. (2010). Research regarding the content of dry substance and mineral elements of the leaves of Thuja occidentalis under the influence of the culture system and of the fertilization conditions. Analele Universitatii Din Oradea, XV, 323–326.

Barbosa Filho, J., Di Carvalho, M.A., Silva de Oliveira, L., Konzen, E.R., Ferreria Campos, W., & Ebling Brondani, G. (2016). Propagation of Khaya Anthotheca: Interspecific Grafting With Swietenia macrophylla and Air Layering. Cerne, 22(4), 475–484. http://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201622042232

Danu, & Putri, K.P. (2014). Pengaruh sifat fisik media dan zat pengatur tumbuh IBA pada pertumbuhan stek kayu bawang (Azadirachta excelca L.). Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan, 2 (2), 89–98.

Danu, Putri, K.P., & Subiakto, A. (2015). Pertumbuhan stek jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus [Roxb.] Havil) pada berbagai media dan zat pengatur tumbuh. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 12 (2), 123–130.

Danu, Siregar, I.Z., Wibowo, C., & Subiakto, A. (2010). Pengaruh umur sumber bahan stek terhadap keberhasilan stek pucuk meranti tembaga (Shorea leprosula Miq.). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 7 (3), 131–139.

Darwo & Yeny, I. (2018). Penggunaan media, bahan stek, dan zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap keberhasilan stek masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm). Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman (Belum terbit)

de Souza, J.C.A.V., Bender, A.G., Tivano, J.C., Barroso, D.G., Mroginski, L.A., Vegetti, A.C., & Felker, P. (2014). Rooting of Prosopis alba mini-cuttings. New Forests, 45(5), 745–752. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9429-5

de Vasconcelos, R.T., Valeri, S.V, Martins, A.B.G., Biagiotti, G., & Perez, B.A. P. (2016). Rooting of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis A. Juss.) leafy stem cuttings under different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(23), 2050–2057. http://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2016.10936

Hanafiah, K.A. (2010). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Harfouche, A., Baoune, N., & Merazga, H. (2007). Main and interaction effects of factors on softwood cutting of white poplar (Populus alba L.). Silvae Genetica, 56, 287–294.

Irawan, U.S., & Purwanto, E. (2012). Manual: Teknik Pembibitan Vegetatif. Indonesia: Operation Wallacea Trust.

Jong, L.K., & Sani, H.B. (2012). Alternative clonal propagation of Dryobalanops baccarii and D. rappa. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 24(2), 275–284.

Ky-Dembele, C., Tigabu, M., Bayala, J., Savadogo, P., Boussim, I.J., & Odén, P.C. (2011). Clonal Propagation of Khaya senegalensis: The Effects of Stem Length, Leaf Area, Auxins, Smoke Solution, and Stockplant Age. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2011, 1–10. http://doi.org/10.1155/2011/281269

Majada, J., Martínez-Alonso, C., Feito, I., Kidelman, A., Aranda, I., & Alía, R. (2011). Mini-cuttings: An effective technique for the propagation of Pinus pinaster Ait. New Forests, 41(3), 399–412. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-010-9232-x

Mariana, V., Ioan, V., & Ioana, V. (2011). The substratum influence on cutting’s tooting of Cotinus coggygria. Analele Universitatii Din Oradea, XVII, 321–324.

Opuku, E.M., Opuni-frimpong, E., & Adomako, A. (2008). The effects of rooting media on vegetative propagation of two mahogany species (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola),1.

Opuni-frimpong, E., Karnosky, D.F., Storer, A.J., Abeney, E.A., & Cobbinah, J.R. (2008). Relative susceptibility of four species of African mahogany to the shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in the moist semideciduous forest of Ghana, 255, 313–319. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.077

Opuni-Frimpong, E., Karnosky, D.F., Storer, A.J., & Cobbinah, J.R. (2008). Key roles of leaves, stockplant age, and auxin consentration in vegetative provegation of two African mahagonies: Khaya anthotheca Welw. and Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. New Forests, 3 (6), 115–123. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-008-9087-6

OuYang, F., Wang, J., & Li, Y. (2015). Effects of cutting size and exogenous hormone treatment on rooting of shoot cuttings in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. New Forests, 46(1), 91–105. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9449-1

Owusu, S.A., Opuni-Frimpong, E., & Antwi-Boasiako, C. (2014). Improving regeneration of mahogany: Techniques for vegetative propagation of four African mahogany species using leafy stem cuttings. New Forests, 45(5), 687–697. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-014-9431-y

Rupp, L., & Wheaton, A. (2014). Nurturing Native Plants: A guide to vegetative propagation of native woody plants in Utah. (L. Rupp & A. Wheaton, Eds.). Extension, Utah State University.

Sakai, C., Subiakto, A., Nuroniah, H.S., Kamata, N., & Nakamura, K. (2002). Mass propagation method from the cutting of three dipterocarp species. Journal of Forest Research, 7(2), 73–80. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02762511

Stuepp, C., Wendling, I., Trueman, S., Koehler, H., & Zuffellato-Ribas, K. (2017). The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation. Forests, 8(1), 27. http://doi.org/10.3390/f8010027

Vlad, I., Mariana, V., & Ioana, V. (2012). The substratum influence on cutting ’ s rooting of Ficus benjamina, 16(2), 221–223.

Zhao, X., Zheng, H., Li, S., Yang, C., Jiang, J., & Liu, G. (2014). The rooting of poplar cuttings: A review. New Forests, 45(1), 21–34. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-013-9389-1




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2018.15.1.57-66

##submission.copyrightStatement##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman (JPHT)

eISSN : 2442-8930 pISSN : 1829-6327

JPHT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.