MODEL INTERAKSI PELAKU HUTAN RAKYAT DALAM PERDAGANGAN KAYU: PENDEKATAN SIMULASI MODEL BERBASIS AGEN (The Interaction Model of Community Forest Behavior in Wood Trade: Agent Based Modelling Approach)

Lutfy Abdullah

Sari


Sari

ABSTRACT

The sustainability of private forest depended on market mechanisms and the role of policy act. It is a result of  interaction among agents. The aim of this study is to find the best strategy in strengthening the position of wood products in trade and its implication for existence of private forest using agent based modeling. The modeling is made using open sources software i.e. Netlogo. The result showed that if there is no competitor's market share, then forest cover tends to be stable. Conversely, if there are competitors, then the community will tend to convert their forest land to other land uses. In this situation, government must take a position by issuing wood trade policies. There are two strategies might be taken, i.e. setting based price for wood products or facilitating trade cartel. First strategy will provide impact like reducing deforestation but only temporary. While, the second strategy will induce the productivity of private forest farmers and maintain forest sustainability by delaying forest conversion and improving land cover with forest. This model needs to be developed by adding  variables production capacity and others.

 

ABSTRAK

Kelestarian hutan rakyat sangat bergantung pada mekanisme pasar dan peran kebijakan pembangunan kehutanan yang merupakan interaksi perilaku pemangku kepentingan dalam rantai pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari strategi terbaik dalam memperkuat posisi kayu dalam perdagangan kayu konstruksi dan implikasinya kepada keberadaan hutan rakyat dengan menggunakan pendekatan pemodelan berbasis aktor (agent based modelling). Pemodelan menggunakan perangkat lunak yang digratiskan seperti Netlogo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika pangsa pasar kayu tidak ada pesaing, maka tutupan hutan cenderung stabil. Sebaliknya jika ada pesaing, maka masyarakat akan cenderung mengonversi lahan hutannya untuk peruntukan lahan lainnya. Pada kondisi ini, pemerintah harus mengambil posisi dalam bentuk mengeluarkan kebijakan perdagangan kayu. Ada dua strategi yang ditawarkan yakni: penetapan harga dasar kayu dan fasilitasi kartel perdagangan kayu. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa harga dasar kayu yang bersifat statis akan menjadi jawaban untuk menahan konversi hutan, namun tidak untuk jangka panjang. Sementara strategi kartel perdagangan dengan kelembagaan yang solid akan membantu meningkatkan produktivitas petani hutan rakyat dan mempertahankan kelestarian hutan dengan menghambat konversi hutan dan meningkatkan tutupan lahan oleh hutan. Model yang sudah tersedia perlu dikembangkan dengan menambahkan variabel kapasitas produksi dan lain-lain. 


Kata Kunci


Hutan rakyat; kayu konstruksi; pemodelan berbasis aktor; perdagangan kayu

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2016). Statistik Produksi Kehutanan. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Hansen, E., & Juslin, H. (2005). Marketing of forest products in a changing world. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 35(2), 190-204.

Hefni, A., Lahjie, A.M., Sardjono, M.A., Ruchaemi, A., & Agang, M.W. (2012). Optimalisasi pendapatan hutan tanaman jenis meranti merah, sengon, mahoni, pulai dan bayur dalam kombinasi pengelolaan di Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 13(2), 159–172.

http:/lamudi.co.id. (2014). Pengertianbaja-ringan-dan beberapa-alasan memilih-baja-ringan. https://doi.org/1037//0033-2909.I26.1.78

Ilham, N. (2009). Kebijakan pengendalian harga daging sapi nasional. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 7(3), 211–221.

Kamal, S., Grodzinska-Jurczak, M., & Brown, G. (2015). Conservation on private land: a review of global strategies with a proposed classification system. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.875463

Karvonen, J., Halder, P., Kangas, J., & Leskinen, P. (2017). Indicators and tools for assessing sustainability impacts of the forest bioeconomy. Forest Ecosystems, 4.

Kayo, C., & Noda, R. (2018). Climate change mitigation potential of wood use in civil engineering in Japan based on life-cycle assessment. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020561

Kayo, C., Oka, H., & Hashimoto, S. (2015). Socioeconomic development and wood consumption. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-0150481-6

Kayo, C., Tsunetsugu, Y., & Tonosaki, M. (2015). Climate change mitigation effect of harvested wood products in regions of Japan. Carbon Balance and Management, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-0150036-3

Kowal, F. (2013). Evaluasi Bangunan Konstruksi Baja Ringan dan Konstruksi Kayu Ditinjau Dari Aspek Ekonomi. Universitas Gadjah Mada.

KPK. (2015). Mencegah Kerugian Negara Di Sektor Kehutanan. Direktorat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kedeputian Pencegahan Komisi Pemberantasa Korupsi Republik Indonesia. Jakarta. Retrieved from https://acch.kpk.go.id/images/tema/litbang/pengkajian/pdf/LaporanPNBP-Kehutanan-KPK-reportweb.pdf

Lehmann, A., Russi, D., Bala, A., Finkbeiner, M., & Fullana-i-Palmer, P. (2011). Integration of social aspects in decision support, based on life cycle thinking. Sustainability, 3(4), 562–577. https://doi.or /10.3390/su3040562

Nurrochmat, D.R., Darusman, D., & Ekayani, M. (2016). Kebijakan Pembangunan Kehutanan dan Lingkungan. Bogor: IPB Press.

Oktalina, S.N., Awang, S.A., Hartono, S., & Suryanto, P. (2016). Pemetaan aset penghidupan petani dalam mengelola hutan rakyat di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. J. Manusia Dan Lingkungan, 23(1), 58–65.

Osburg, V.S., Appelhanz, S., Toporowski, W., & Schumann, M. (2016). Anempirical investigation of wood product information valued by young consumers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 110, 170–179.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.068

Ostrom, E., Gardner, R., Walker, J.,Agrawal, A., Blomquist, W., Schlager, E., & Thang, S.Y. (1994). Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. The University of Michigan Press.

Park, H., Lee, J.Y., & Song, M. (2017). Scientifiec activities responsible for successful forest greening in Korea. Forest Science and Technology, 13, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 21580103.2016.1278048

Ramage, M.H., Burridge, H., BusseWicher, M., Fereday, G., Reynolds, T., Shah, D. U., … Scherman, O. (2017). The wood from the trees: The use of timber in construction. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68(September 2016), 333–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.

Roma, P., & Perrone, G. (2016). Cooperation among competitors: A comparison of cost-sharing mechanisms. Int. J. Production Economics, 180, 172–182.

Shiflet, A.B., & Shiflet, G.W. (2014). An 2016.09.107 Introduction to Agent - Based Modeling for Undergraduates. Procedia - Procedia Computer Science, 29(Building 2010), 1392–1402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. procs.2014.05.126

Subekti, I., Martono, E., & Hamid, E.S. (2016). Manajemen koperasi dalam rangka pengelolaan hutan rakyat dan pengaruhnya terhadap ketahanan ekonomi masyarakat (Studi Pada Koperasi Wana Lestari Menoreh di Kabupaten Kulon Progo , DIY ). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 22(2), 158–179.

Suharjito, D., & Purwawangsa, H. (2014). Percepatan devolusi pengelolaan hutan. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian Dan Lingkungan, 1, 12–17.

Sukwika, T., Darusman, D., Kusmana, C., & Nurrochmat, D.R. (2018). Skenario Kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 8(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.29244/ jpsl.8.2.

-215

Taylor, J., & Langenberg, V. K. (2003). Review of the Environmental Impact of Wood Compared with Alternative Products Used in the Production of Furniture, 1–16.

Tian, M., Li, L., Wan, L., Liu, J., & de Jong, W. (2017). Forest product

trade, wood consumption, and forest conservation—the case of 61 countries. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36(7), 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10549811.2017.1356736

Tjahajana, A. (2008). Strategi Memperkuat Industri Baja Nasional. Media Industri, (02).

Woodard, A.C., & Milner, H.R. (2016). Sustainability of timber and wood in construction. Sustainability of Construction Materials (Second Edi). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08100370-1.00007-X




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2019.16.1.21-34

##submission.copyrightStatement##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman (JPHT)

eISSN : 2442-8930 pISSN : 1829-6327

JPHT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.