PENGARUH SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM FOSFAT (H3PO4) TERHADAP KUALITAS ARANG AKTIF CABANG BAMBU DURI (Bambusa blumeana BI. Ex. Schult. F.) (Effect of Temperature and Concentration of Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) on the Quality of Activated Charcoal of Bambusa blumeana Branch)

Abstract

Abstract

Bambusa blumeana BI. Ex. Schult. F. is a non-timber forest product used as building material by the people of Lombok. The utilization of bamboos leaves their branches as a waste that has not fully utilized. One way to take advantage of this waste is to use it as a raw material to make activated charcoal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations activation temperature, the concentration of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), as well as interactions between variations of the activation temperature and the concentration of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) on the quality of activated charcoal of B. blumeana branch. This study employed a factorial completely randomized design (RAL) with two (2) factors. The first factor (A) was activation temperature i.e. 600^oC (A₁), 700^oC (A₂), and 800^oC (A₃), meanwhile the second factor (B) used the concentration of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), namely 10% (B₁) and 20% (B₂). The results showed variations in the activation temperature significantly affected the yield and iodine adsorption. Based on the results, the best treatment was obtained at a temperature of 700^oC with an H₃PO₄ concentration of 10% (A₂B₁) with the yield value of 76.04%, moisture content of 2.12%, volatile matter content of 32.70%, ash content of 8.15%, fixed carbon content of 59.15%, and sodium adsorption of 599.63 mg/g.

Abstrak

Bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana BI. Ex. Schult. F.) merupakan hasil hutan bukan kayu yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bangunan oleh masyarakat Lombok. Pemanfaatan bambu tersebut meninggalkan limbah cabang yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Salah satu pemanfaatannya adalah menjadi arang aktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu aktivasi, konsentrasi asam fosfat (H₃PO₄), serta interaksi antara variasi suhu aktivasi dan konsentrasi asam fosfat (H₃PO₄) terhadap karakteristik arang aktif cabang bambu duri (B. blumeana). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor, faktor pertama (A) menggunakan suhu aktivasi yaitu 600^oC (A₁), 700^oC (A₂), dan 800^oC (A₃), sedangkan faktor kedua (B) menggunakan konsentrasi asam fosfat (H₃PO₄) yaitu 10% (B₁) dan 20% (B₂). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi suhu aktivasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai rendemen dan daya serap iod. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada suhu  700^oC dengan konsentrasi H₃PO₄ 10% (A₂B₁) yang menghasilkan nilai rendemen sebesar 76,04%; kadar air 2,12%; kadar zat terbang 32,70%; kadar abu 8,15%; kadar karbon terikat 59,15%; dan daya serap iod 599,63 mg/g.