Email this article PENGARUH AGROFORESTRI TERHADAP KUALITAS DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CILIWUNG HULU, JAWA BARAT (Impact of agroforestry on the quality of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed, West Java)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Watershed ecosystem will be stable when the relationship between the components of watershed are stable. Ecological and biophysical disturbances in watersheds are closely related to the disruption of its ecosystem components.The research was conducted to analyse the contribution of agroforestry system to the quality of watershed management, such as erosion, curve number (CN), and potential air retention. This study used qualitative method with steps survey, observation and interviewed the respondents who have the land and joint in the study site to obtain agroforestry practice data, vegetation components, and biophysic condition. Erosion prediction used the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) equation, analyzis of the CN used an empirical equation to estimate surface run-off as a result of the rainfall, land cover changes, and soil hydrological groups (Cover complex classification). The value of a CN was based on the maps of soil types and land cover, the potential retention value (S), the value curve, and the rainfall factor (P). The results showed that the types of agroforestry affected the quality of watershed landscape management with indicators were erosion, curve numbers and potential air retention. Those indicators have a quantitative relationship with various types of agroforestry. The value of soil hydrological group (KHT) in the agroforestry types of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed in West Java Province was dominated by KHT B. This value indicated that the infiltration capacity in the current study location was moderate. The amount of CN obtained varies between 44-78.
Keywords: agroforestry; curve number; erosion; potential retention; watershed management
ABSTRAK
Ekosistem Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) akan stabil jika hubungan antar komponen DAS stabil. Gangguan ekologis dan biofisik DAS terkait erat dengan terganggunya komponen ekosistemnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan hubungan agroforestri dengan kualitas DAS dari segi erosi, CN dan retensi air potensial. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahapan survei lapang dan wawancara responden untuk memperoleh data praktek agroforestri, komponen penyusun tipe agroforestri dan kondisi biofisik. Prediksi erosi menggunakan persamaan Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), sedangkan analisis CN menggunakan persamaan empiris untuk memperkiraan aliran permukaan akibat hujan, perubahan tutupan lahan dan kelompok hidrologi tanah. Nilai CN diperoleh berdasarkan peta jenis tanah dan peta tutupan lahan, nilai retensi potensial (S), dan factor curah hujan (P). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri mempengaruhi kualitas pengelolaan lanskap DAS, baik erosi, CN maupun retensi air potensial. Erosi, CN dan retensi air potensial memiliki hubungan kuantitatif dengan berbagai tipe agroforestri. Nilai kelompok hidrologi tanah (KHT) pada tipe agroforestri lanskap DAS Ciliwung Hulu Provinsi Jawa Barat didominasi oleh KHT B. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas infiltrasi di lokasi penelitian berada pada tingkat sedang. Nilai CN yang didapat bervariasi antara 44 – 78.
Kata kunci: agroforestri; curve number; erosi; pengelolaan DAS; retensi potensial
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Asdak, C. (2010). Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Edisi kelima. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Atangana, A., Khasa, D., Chang, S., & Degrande, A. (2014a). The benefits and services of agroforestry systems Tropical Agroforestry (pp. 151-240): Springer.
Baja IS, Phil M. (2012). Perencanaan Tata Guna Lahan dalam Pengembangan Wilayah. Jakarta [ID]. Penerbit Andi.
[BPDHLCC] Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung Citarum Ciliwung Citarum – Ciliwung]. (2016). Pemutakhiran Data, Kegiatan Aplikasi SWAT Untuk Implementasi Rencana Tindak Pengelolaan DAS Citarum, Cisangkuy, Cisadane.
Darmayanti, A. S. (2012). Beberapa sifat fisika kimia tanah yang berpengaruh terhadap model kecepatan infiltrasi pada tegakan mahoni, jabon, dan trembesi di Kebun Raya Purwodadi. Jurnal Penelitian Hayati, 17(1), 185–191.
Ekawaty, R., Yonariza, Ekaputra, E.G., Arbain, A. (2018). Study of Environment Carrying Capacity in Management of Watershed in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology, 2(2): 30-40
Junaidi E, Indrajaya Y. (2018). Respon Hidrologi Akibat Penerapan Pola Agroforestri Pada Penggunaan Lahan Yang Tidak Sesuai Kesesuaian Lahan (Studi Kasus Di Das Cimuntur). Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea. 7(1): 69-81.
Junaidi, E. (2013). Peranan penerapan agroforestry terhadap hasil air DAS Cisadane. Jurnal Penelitian Agroforestry, 1(1):41-53.
Fitri R, Tarigan SD, Sitorus S.R.P. Rachman.LM. (2018). Perencanaan Penggunaan Lahan Untuk Pengembangan Agroforestri Di DAS Ciliwung Hulu Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tata Loka. 20(2): 149-156.
Hasani UO, Marwah Sitti, Alwi LO. (2019). Alternatif Pembangunan Kehutanan Berbasis Agroforestry Mengatasi Erosi Tanah di DAS Onewila Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara. Ecogreen. 5(1): 114-115.
Hartoyo APP, Siregar IZ, Supriyanto, Prasetyo LB, Thelaide I. (2016). Biodiversity, carbon stocks and community monitoring in traditional agroforestry practices: preliminary results from two investigated villages in Berau, East Kalimantan. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33: 376 – 385.
Hartoyo APP, Supriyanto, Siregar IZ, Theilade I, Prasetyo LB. (2018). Agroforest diversity and ethnobotanical aspects in two villages of Berau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19 (2): 387-398. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190205.
Hartoyo APP, Wijayanto N, Karimatunnisa TA, Ikhfan AN. (2019). Keanekaragaman hayati vegetasi pada praktik agroforestri dan kaitannya terhadap fungsi ekosistem di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 7 (2): 145-157.
Karuniasa, M., Annazili, H., & Soedarjanto, M.S. (2019). Model Pengelolaan Terbaik Untuk Keberlanjutan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Pada Sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai, 3(1): 79-88.
Karmakar, S., Haque, S.M.S., Hossain, M.M., Sen, M., & Hoque, ME. 2019. Water quality parameter as a predictor of small watershed land cover. Ecological Indicators, 106 (2019) 105462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105462.
Kay, S., Graves, A., João Palma, H.N., Moreno, G., Roces-Díaza, J.V., Aviron, S., Chouvardas, D., Crous-Duran, J., Domínguez, N.F., de Jalón, S.G., Măcicăşan, V., Mosquera-Losada, M.R., Pantera, A., Santiago-Freijanes, J.J., Szerencsits, E., Torralba, M., Burgess, P.J., & Herzog, F. (2019). Agroforestry is paying off – Economic evaluation of ecosystem services in European landscapes with and without agroforestry systems. Ecosystem Services 36 (2019) 100896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100896.
Kinoshita, R., Roupsard, O., Chevallier, T., Albrecht, A., Taugourdeau, S., Ahmed, Z., van Es, H.M. (2016). Large topsoil organic carbon variability is controlled by Andisol properties and effectively assessed by VNIR spectroscopy in a coffee agroforestry system of Costa Rica. Geoderma, 262 (2016): 254–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.026.
Lestari. (2016). Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu dalam Mengatasi Ketidakseimbangan Kebutuhan Air Bersih dan Permasalahan Banjir (Kajian Daerah Aliran Sungai Cisadane). Jurnal Forum Mekanika. 5(2): 75-78.
Masnang, A., Sinukaban, N., Sudarsono, Ginting, N. (2014). Kajian Tingkat Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi pada berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan di Sub DAS Jenneberang Hulu. Jurnal Agroteknos, 4(1): 32-37.
Naharuddin N. (2018). Sistem Pertanian Konservasi Pola Agroforestri dan Hubungannya dengan Tingkat Erosi di Wilayah Sub-DAS Wuno, Das Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan. 6(3): 183-192.
Nandini, R., Kusumandari, A., Gunawan, T., & Sadono, R. (2019). Perubahan Kualitas Lingkungan Pada Hutankemasyarakatan Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Babak, Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Faloak, 3(1):43-50.
Neitsch, S.L., Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R., and Williams, J.R., (2005). AssessmentTool Theoretical Documentation Version 2005. Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory. Agricultural Research Service. Temple, Texas.
Qifli, A.K.M., Hairiah, K., & Suprayogo, D. (2014). Studi Nitrifikasi Tanah Dengan Penambahan Seresah Asal Hutan Alami Dan Agroforestri Kopi. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 1(2): 15-24.
Rosenstock, T.S., Dawson, I.K., Aynekulu, E., Chomba, S., Degrande, A., Fornace, K., Jamnadass, R., Kimaro, A., Kindt, R., Lamanna, C., Malesu, M., Mausch, K., McMullin, S., Murage, P., Namoi, V., Njenga, M., Nyoka, I., Paez Valencia, A.M., Sola, P., Shepherd, K., & Steward, P. (2019). A Planetary Health Perspective on Agroforestry in Sub-Saharan Africa. One Earth Review. 1(22): 330-334.
Segura M, & Kanninen M. 2005. Allometric models for tree volume and total aboveground biomass in a tropical humid forest in Costa Rica. Biotropica 37(1): 2-8.
Senaviratne, A., Udawatta, R., Baffaut, C., Anderson, S., Jose, S., Poppy, L., Soolanayakanahally, R. (2013). Apex simulation: environmental benefits of agroforestry buffers on corn-soybean watersheds [Conference poster]. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, June 19-21, 2013, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
Setyowati, D. L. (2008). Sifat fisik tanah dan kemampuan tanah meresapkan air pada lahan hutan, sawah, dan permukiman. Jurnal Geografi. 4(2): 114–128. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JG/article/view/103.
Smith, J., Pearce, B. D., & Wolfe, M. S. (2013). Reconciling productivity with protection of the environment: Is temperate agroforestry the answer? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 28(01), 80-92.
Supriyadi, Pramono, I.B., Prahesti, R.R. (2016). Kualitas Indeks Tanah Sebagai Estimator dari Agroforestry Tanah Kesehatan di Tirtomoyo Sub-DAS, Wonogiri. Agrosains, 18(2): 38-43.
Teka, K., Haftu, M., Ostwald, M., & Cederberg, C. (2020). Can integrated watershed management reduce soil erosion and improve livelihoods? A study from northern Ethiopia, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.06.007.
Tolaka, W., Wardah, & Rahmawati. (2013). Sifat Fisik Tanah Pada Hutan Primer, Agroforestri Dan Kebun Kakao Di Subdas Wera Saluopa Desa Leboni Kecamatan Pamona Puselemba Kabupaten Poso, Warta Rimba, 1(1): 1-8.
Udawatta, R., Jose, S., & Garrett, H. (2015). A Paired watershed Evaluation of Agroforestry effects on Water Quality on a Corn/Soybean Rotation. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.
Van Noordwijk, M., Agus, F., Suprayogo, D., Hairiah, K., Pasya, G., Verbist, B., & Farida. (2004). Peranan Agroforestri Dalam Mempertahankan Fungsi Hidrologi Daerah Aliran Sungai. Agrivita, 26(1):1-8.
Wijaya Wisnu Wahyu, Auliyani Diah. (2017). Perbandingan Prediksi Hasil Sedimen Menggunakan Pendekatan Model Universal Soil Loss Equation Dengan Pengukuran Langsung. Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. 1(1): 61-69.
Yonariza, Andinia, B.A., Mahdia, & Maynard, S. (2019). Addressing knowledge gaps between stakeholders in payments for watershed services: Case of Koto Panjang hydropower plant catchment area, Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecosystem Services, 39 (2019) 100995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100995.
Zhua, X., Chena, C., Wua, J., Yang, J., Zhanga, W., Zoua, X, Liu, W., & Jiang, X. (2019). Can intercrops improve soil water infiltrability and preferential flow in rubber-based agroforestry system?. Soil & Tillage Research, 191 (2019): 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.04.017.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jppdas.2020.4.2.173-186
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai (Journal of Watershed Management Research)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by:
Cooperation the Center for Implementation of Standards for Environmental and Forestry Instruments Solo (BPSILHK Solo) with the Indonesian Soil and Water Conservation Society (MKTI)
eISSN : 2579-5511, pISSN : 2579-6097
Secretary:
The Center for Implementation of Standards for Environmental and Forestry Instruments Solo (BPSILHK Solo)
Jl. Jend A. Yani-Pabelan, Kartasura Po.BOX 295 Surakarta 57102
Phone.(0271) 716709 ; Fax(0271) 716959;
Email : sekred.jppdas@gmail.com
Website : http://dassolo.litbang.menlhk.go.id/
Copyright : Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai (Journal of Watershed Management Research)