Correlation of Morphological Characteristics of Nyamplung Seedling (Calophyllum inophyllum L) with The Performance at Field Condition

Ratna Damayanti Sianturi, Dede J Sudrajat

Abstract


The aim of this research is to assess the correlation of morphological characteristics of nyamplung seedling (Calophyllum inophyllum L) on field growth of two years age after outplanting in Parungpanjang, Bogor. Three seedlots collected from Carita, Pangandaran and Purworejo were grown in seedbeds with different ages (four months and six months). The seedlings are mixed and grouped according to their height and root collar diameter. Each group of seedlings is divided into 5 height classes and each class is divided into two diameter classes, so there are 10 classes of seed morphology. The parameters of seedling were observed on sturdirness quotient, dry weight, root length, shoot-root ratio, and number of leaves. The seedlings were planted in randomized completely block design (three seeds origins, 10 morphological class, three blocks, 30 seedlings per block). Seedling survival, height, and root collar diameter growth were assessed on two years after outplanting. The result showed that morphological classification affected on seedling survival, height and root collar diameter growth. Seedling height and root collar diameter were significantly correlated with other parameters and also with field growth. Two-year-old Nyamplung on field can grow significantly if we use seedling with a height above 31 cm and a diameter more than 5.1 mm. In addition, the ratio of height and diameter and seed quality index are become important consideration in seed selection.

Keywords: Calophyllum inophyllum, diameter, height, morphology, seedling quality


References


Adman, B. (2011). Pertumbuhan Tiga Kelas Mutu Bibit Meranti Merah Pada Tiga Iuphhk Di Kalimantan. Jurnal Penelitian Dipterokarpa, 5(2), 47–60.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2018). SNI 8420:2018 Bibit tanaman hutan. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Bayala, J., Dianda, M., Wilson, J., Ouédraogo, S. J., & Sanon, K. (2009). Predicting field performance of five irrigated tree species using seedling quality assessment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. New Forests, 38(3), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9149-4

Budiman, B., Sudrajat, D. J., Lee, D. K., & Kim, Y. S. (2015). Effect of initial morphology on field performance in white jabon seedlings at Bogor, Indonesia. Forest Science and Technology, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2015.1007897

Esen, D., Yildiz, O., Esen, U., Edis, S., & Çetintas, C. (2012). Effects of cultural treatments, seedling type and morphological characteristics on survival and growth of wild cherry seedlings in turkey. IForest, 5(6), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.3832/efor0639-005

Grossnickle, S. C. (2012). Why seedlings survive: Influence of plant attributes. New Forests, 43(5–6), 711–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9336-6

Grossnickle, S. C., & South, D. B. (2017). Seedling quality of southern pines : Influence of plant attributes. Tree Planters’ Notes, 60(2), 29–40.

Hasnah, T. M., & Windyarini, E. (2014). Variasi genetik pertumbuhan semai pada uji klon provenan nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) dari delapan pulau di Indonesia Jurnal Perbernihan Tan, 77–88.

Ivetić, V., & Devetaković, J. (2016). Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. Reforesta, 1(1), 178–220. https://doi.org/10.21750/10.21750/REFOR.1.10.10

Johansson, K., Hajekc, J., Sjölina, O., & Normarkd, E. (2015). Early performance of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies – a comparison between seedling size, species, and geographic location of the planting site. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 30(5), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2014.987808

Jurasek, A., Leugner, J., & Martincova, J. (2009). Effect of initial height of seedlings on the growth of planting material of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in mountain conditions. Journal of Forest Science, 55(3), 112–118.

Khanal, P. N., Dean, T. J., Roberts, S. D., Grebner, D. L., & Straka, T. J. (2018). Explaining first-year seedling survival from quality distributions of bare-root seedlings and microsites in industrial plantations. Open Journal of Forestry, 8, 362–379. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2018.83023

Maltoni, A., Mariotti, B., Tani, A., & Jacobs, D. F. (2010). Relation of Fraxinus excelsior seedling morphology to growth and root proliferation during field establishment. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 25(SUPPL. 8), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2010.485805

Murtiningrum, & Firdaus, A. (2015). Perkembangan biodiesel di indonesia tinjauan atas kondisi saat ini, teknologi produksi & analisis prospektif. Jurnal PASTI, 9(1), 35–45.

Pinto, J. R. (2011). Morphology targets: What do seedling morphological attributes tell us?. dalam Riley LE. Haase DL dan Pinto JR (eds), National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations-2010. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (p.74–79) Available at: http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p065.html. Amerika :Nursery council meeting.

Pinto, J. R., Dumroese, R. K., Davis, A. S., & Landis, T. D. (2011). Conducting seedling stocktype trials: A new approach to an old question. Journal of Forestry, 109(5), 293–299.

Prihanto, A., Pramudono, B., & Santosa, H. (2013). Peningkatan Yield Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung Melalui Transesterifikasi Dua Tahap. Momentum, 9, 46–53.

South, D. B., Jackson, D. P., Starkey, T. E., & Enebak, S. A. (2012). Planting deep increases early survival and growth of Pinus echinata seedlings. The Open Forest Science Journal, 5(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874398601205010033

Sudrajat, D. J., Nurhasybi, R, Kurniaty, D., & Budiman, B. (2010). Kajian standar mutu bibit siap tanam. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Perbenihan.

Sudrajat, D. J., Nurhasybi, Siregar, I. Z., Siregar, U. J., Mansur, I., & Khumaida, N. (2016). Intraspecific variation on early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba MIQ . in provenance-progeny tests in West Java province, Indonesia. Biotropia, 23(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2016.2

Sudrajat, D. J., Nurhasybi, & Suita, E. (2018). Comparison of nyamplung plant establishment: Direct seeding, bare-root, blocked media, and containerized seedlings. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 24(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.

Thompson, B. E. (1985). Seedling morphological evaluation- What you can tell by looking. dalam M. L. Durvea (Ed.), Evaluating seedling quality: principles, procedures, and predictive abilities of major tests (pp. 59–71). Corvallis: Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University.

Trubat, R., Cortina, J., & Vilagrosa, A. (2010). Nursery fertilization affects seedling traits but not field performance in Quercus suber L. Journal of Arid Environments, 74(4), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.007

Tsakaldimi, M., Ganatsas, P., & Jacobs, D. F. (2013). Prediction of planted seedling survival of five Mediterranean species based on initial seedling morphology. New Forests, 44(3), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9339-3

Zida, D., Tigabu, M., Sawadogo, L., & Odén, P. C. (2008). Initial seedling morphological characteristics and field performance of two Sudanian savanna species in relation to nursery production period and watering regimes. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(7), 2151–2162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.029




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v6i1.2998