The Diversity of Macroscopic Fungi Species of The Wallacea in The Arboretum of BP2LHK Manado

Anita Mayasari, Margaretta Christita, Ady Suryawan

Abstract


Fungi have a vital role in ecological processes, as an indicator of health of an ecosystem, it is not only has the potency for medicine and food but also variety of unexplored potential. Arboretum has high potential for biological conservation including fungi species, so information on its diversity and potency are very important for the basis of its management. The purpose of this research was to explore the diversity of species and the potential of macroscopic fungi in the BP2LHK Manado Arboretum. Observations were conducted 8 times in May, June, and September 2016 using a cruise and an opportunistic method. The infromation of growth media, light intensity, and temperature were collected as a supporting data. The result showed that arboretum stored 48 species of macroscopic fungi with different characteristics. 39 species were identified, divided into 2 divisions, 6 classes, 9 orders, and 17 families, while the remaining 9 species were unidentified.. The results showed that the diversity of macroscopic species habitat were dominated by 31 species grown on necromass, 11 species grown on litter and 6 species grown on soil. Based on its potential, there were 2 species of toxic fungi, 1 species of edible and medicinal fungus, 2 species of edible fungi, 5 species with medicinal fungi, 19 species were not edible, and 19 species with unknown benefits.

Keyword: arboretum, diversity, macroscopic fungi, Manado


References


Akpi, U.K., Odoh, C. K., Ideh, E. E. & Adobu, U. S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of Lycoperdon perlatum whole fruit body on common pathogenic bacteria and fungi. African Journal of Clinic and Experimental Microbiology, 18(2), 79-85. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v18i2.4

Angelini, P., Bistocchi, G., Arcangeli, A., Bricchi, E., & Venanzoni, R. (2015). Diversity and ecological distribution of macrofungi in a site of community importance of Umbria ( Central Italy ). The Open Ecology Journal, 8, 1–8.

Annissa, I., Ekamawanti, H. A., & Wahdina. (2017). Keanekaragaman jenis jamur makroskopis di Arboretum Sylva Universitas Tanjungpura. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 5(4), 969–977.

Brummitt, N., Bachman, S. P., & Moat, J. (2008). Applications of the IUCN Red List : towards a global barometer for plant diversity. Endangered Species Research, 6(December), 127–135. http://doi.org/10.3354/esr00135

BPS_Kota_Manado. (2017). Jumlah Curah Hujan Menurut Bulan di Kota Manado, 2011 - 2016. diambil 14 November, 2018, dari

https://manadokota.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/08/18/207/jumlah-curah-hujan-menurut-bulan-di-kota-manado-2011--2016.html

Cavender, N., Westwood, M., Bechtoldt, C., Donnelly, G., Oldfield, S., Gardner, M., & McNamara, W. (2015). Strengthening the conservation value of ex situ tree collections. Oryx, 49(3), 416–424. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605314000866

Charlile, M. J., Watkinson, S. C., & Goday, G. W. (2004). The Fungi. London: Academic Press.

Christita, M., Arini, D. I. D., Kinho, J., Halawane, J. E., Kafiar, J., & Diwi, M. S. (2017). Diversity and potential of macrofungi at Kaki Dian ecotourism, Klabat Mounth - North Minahasa. Jurnal Mikologi Indonesia, 1(2), 82–90. Retrieved from www.jmi.mikoina.or.id

Dwiyedi, S., Surendra, S., Chauhan, U. K., & Tiwar, M. K. (2017). Biodiversity studies on macrofungi with special reference to order agaricales : Indian Scenario. Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology, 5(6), 1/4-4/4.

http://doi.org/10.15406/jbmoa.2017.05.00159

Gao, T., Nielsen, A., & Hedblom, M. (2015). Reviewing the strength of evidence of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems in Europe. Ecological Indicators, 57, 420–434.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.028

Halawane, J. E. (2016). Tanaman Kenangan. Manado: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manado.

Halme, P., & Kotiaho, J. S. (2012). The importance of timing and number of surveys in fungal biodiversity research. Biodivers Conserv, 21, 205–219.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-011-0176-z

Hasanuddin. (2014). Jenis jamur kayu makroskopis sebagai media pembelajaran biologi (Studi di TNGL Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo Lues). Jurnal Biotik, 2(1), 38–52.

Jayakumar, T., Thomas, P. A., & Geraldin, P. (2009). In ­ vitro antioxidant activities of an ethanolic extract of the oyster mushroom , Pleurotus ostreatus. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 10(2), 228–234.

Karun, N. C., & Sridhar, K. R. (2014). A preliminary study on macrofungal diversity in an arboretum and three plantations of the southwest coast of India. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology, 4(2), 173–187.

http://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/2/5

Karohmah, L. (2015). Morfologi cendawan - struktur dan modifikasi hifa. Rertived from https://mikrobio.net/mikologi/morfologi-cendawan.html

Kuo, M. (2014). Mushroom taxonomi : the big picture.

Retrieved from https://www. mushroomexpert.com

Lin, M., Yu, Z., Wang, B., Weng, Y., & Koo, M. (2015). Bioactive constituent characterization and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum extract fractionated by supercritical carbon dioxide. Sains Malaysiana, 44(12), 1685–1691.

Lohmen, D. J., Bruyn, M., Page, T., Rintelen, K., Hall, R., Peter, K. L., Shih, H. T., Carvalho, G. R., & Rintelen, T. (2011). Biogeography of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 42(1), 205‑226.

http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145001

Mondal, S. R., Rehana, M. J., Noman, M. S., & Adhikary, S. K. (2010). Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus florida) on different substrates. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ., 8(2), 213–220.

Mortimer, P. E., Xu, J., Karunarathna, S. C. & Hyde, K. D. (2014). Mushroom For Trees And People : A Field Guide To Useful Mushrooms Of The Mekong Region. Kunming : The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).

Norvel, L., Raper, C., & Ballou, W. H. (1985). Mushroom. Retrieved from https://www.mushroomthejournal.com

Pala, S. A., Wani, A. H., & Bhat, M. Y. (2011). Six hiterto unreported Basidiomycetic marcofungi from Kashmir Himalaya. Jurnal Bioscience, 3(2), 92–97.

Perotto, S., Angelini, P., Bianciotto, V., Bonfante, P., Girlanda, M., Kull, T., & Selosse, M. A. (2013). Interaction of fungi with other organisms. Plant Biosystem, 147(1), 208–218.

http://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.753136

Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., Abell, R., Brooks, T. M., Gittleman, J. L.,

Joppa, L. N., & Sexton, J. O. (2014). The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction , distribution , and protection. Science, 344(6178), 1246752-1-1246752–10. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752

Qu, L., Li, S., Zhuo, Y., Chen, J., Qin, X., & Guo, G. (2017). Anticancer effect of triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum in human prostate cancer cells. Oncology Letters, 14, 7467–7472. http://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7153

Quereshi, S., Pandey, A. K., & Sandhu, S. S. (2010). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different Ganoderma lucidum extracts. People’s Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1), 9–13.

Rahmawati, N. S. H. (2010). Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Air Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) pada Tikus Jantan yang diinduksi Parasetamol Skripsi tidak diterbitkan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Surakarta

Rahmawati, S.I. (2015). Jamur sebagai obat. Jurnal Agroindustri Halal, 1(1), 014-024.

Rai, M. K., Gaikwad, S., Nagaonkar, D., & Santos, C. A. D. (2015). Current advances in the antimicrobial potential of species of genus Ganoderma (higher Basidiomycetes) against human pathogenic microorganisms (review). International Journal of Medical Mushrooms, 17(10), 921–932.

Ramesh, V., Santosh, K., Anand, T. D., Shamugaah, V., Kotamraju, S., Karunakaran, C., & Rajendran, A. (2015). Novel bioactive wild medicine mushroom - Xylaria spp (Ascomycetes) againts multidrugs resistant human bacterial pathogen and human cancer cell Ilness. Int Journal Medicine Mushroom, 17(10), 1005–1017.

Rani, K., & Dhania, G. (2014). Bioremediation and biodegradation of pesticide from contaminated soil and water - a noval approach. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 3(10), 23–33.

Rintelen, K. V., Arida, E. & Häuser, C. (2017). A review of biodiversity-related issues and challenges in megabiodivers Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Research Ideas and Outcome, 3, 1-13 e20860.

https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e20860

Sa’adah, M. S., Nafwa, R., & Purnomo, A. S. (2016). Pengaruh sabut kelapa sebagai media pertumbuhan alternatif jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba. Jurnal Sain Dan Seni ITS, 5(1), C53–C56.

Sánchez, C. (2010). Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 85, 1321–1337.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2343-7

Schmit, J. P., & Lodge, D. J. (2005). Classical methods and modern analysis for studying fungal diversity. dalam J. W. J. Dighton (ed), The Fungal Community; Its Organization And Role In The Ecosystem, (3rd edn (M, pp. 193–214). Boca Raton: CRC Taylor & Francis.

Sharma, S., Yadav, R. K. P., & Pokhrel, C. P. (2013). Growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates. Journal on New Biological Report, 2(1), 3–8.

Suryanto, D., Irawati, N. & Munir, E. (2011). Isolation and characterization of cytinolotic bacteria and their potential to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi. Micobiology, 5(3), 144-148.

https://doi.org/10.5454/mi.5.3.8

Tambaru, E., Abdullah, A., & Alam, N. (2016). Jenis-jenis jamur basidiomycetes familia polyporaceae di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin Bengo-Bengo Kecamatan Cenrana Kabupaten Maros. Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 1(1), 31–38.

Tampubolon, S. D. B., Utomo, B., & Yunasih. (2013). Keanekaragaman jamur makroskopis di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Sumatera Utara Desa Tongkoh Kabupaten Karo Sumatera Utara. Peronema Forestry Science Journal, 2(1), 176–182.

Titeux, N., Henle, K., Mihoub, J. B., Regos, A., Geijzendorffer, I. S., Cramer, W., & Broton, L. (2016). Biodiversity scenarios neglect future land-use changes. Global Change Biology, 22, 2505–2515. http://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13272

Winara, A. (2016). Keragaman jenis jamur di hutan arboretum Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Agroforestry Ciamis. Sains dan Teknologi, 6(1), 41–48.

Yadav, M., Sehrawat, A., Jindal, D. K., & Bhidhasra, A. (2017). Therapeutic plants and phytoconstituents as natural anti-HIV agents : a review. Journal Inventi Rapid : Planta Activa, 2017(1), 1–5.

Yıldız, S., Yilmaz, A., Can, Z., Kılıç, C., & Caferyıldız, Ü. (2017). Total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin contents and antioxidant properties of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivated on various sawdust. The Journal Of Food, 42(3), 315–323. http://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD16099




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jwas.v5i2.4380