FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN Durio zibethinus DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT, INDONESIA

Suharno Suharno; Verena Agustini; Rosye H.R. Tanjung; Supeni Sufaati

doi:10.20886/jpth.2019.13.2.61-69

FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN Durio zibethinus DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT, INDONESIA

Suharno Suharno, Verena Agustini, Rosye H.R. Tanjung, Supeni Sufaati

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a symbiosis between fungi and plants. This association is mutualism, AMF contributes to increased plant growth while fungi obtain energy sources from plant assimilation. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of AMF with durian plants (Durio zibethinus) in Manokwari, West Papua. The survey was conducted in 10 villages located in 4 districts known as the center for producing durian. Observation of the presence of AMF spores in the plant's rhizosphere was carried out by the wet sieving method. Furthermore, to find out the association between the two symbionts is done by observing AMF colonization in plant roots. The types of AMF found in the plant's rhizosphere are morphologically identified based on spore characteristics. The results showed that durian was associated with AMF. The percentage of AMF colonization ranged from 39.29 to 80.00%, while the number of spores was 112-336 spores per 100 grams of soil sample. Based on the spore morphological characteristics, AMF found is dominated by the genus Glomus, Scutellospora, and Acaulospora.

Keywords

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; association; D. zibethinus; Manokwari

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Brown, M.J. (1997). Durio– A bibliography review. International Plant Genetic Resources. New Delhi, India.

Brundrett, M., N. Bougher, B. Dell, T. Grove, & N. Malajczuk. (1996). Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR. Canbera. Australia.

Chairani, A.W. Gunawan, Kramadibrata, K., & Sukarno, N.. (1997). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in Durian rhizosphere. Proccedings of International Conference on Mycorrhizas in Sustainable Tropical Agriculture and Forest Ecosystems. p: 117.

Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes—Application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2(2): 113–118.

Giovannetti, M., Avio, L., Fortuna, P., Pellegrino, E., Sbrana, C., & Strani, P. (2006). At the root of the wood wide web; self recognition and non-self incompatibility in mycorrhizal networks. Plant Signal. Behav. 1(1): 1–5.

Halder, M., Dhar, P.P., Nandi, N.C., & Akhter, S. (2015). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in some plant species and relationship with the soil properties in the BCSIR campus of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Res. J. Biotechnol. 10(8): 51–57.

Herawan, T., & Putri, A.I. (2018). Pengaruh mikoriza arbuskula dan inang Portulaca sp. terhadap aklimatisasi plantlet cendana (Santalum album Linn.). Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. 12(2): 151–161.

Khan, A.G. (2005). Role of soil microbes in the rhizospheres of plants growing on trace metal contaminated soils in phytoremediation. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 18: 355–364.

Kormanik, P.P., & Mc.Graw, A.–C. (1984). Quantification of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. In: Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research (N.C. Schenck, Ed). 1984. The American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota. pp: 37–45.

Mahmoudi, N., Cruz, C., Mahdhi, M., Mars, M., & Caeiro, M.F. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere of Medicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions. PeerJ. 7: e6401 http://doi.org/10.7717/ peerj.6401.

Oehl, F., Sieverding, E., Palenzuela, J., Ineichen, K., & da Silva, G.A.. (2011). Advances in Glomeromycota taxonomy and classification. IMA Fungus. 2(2): 191–199.

Orwa, C., A. Mutua, R. Kindt, R. Jamnadass, and S. Anthony. (2009). Durio zibethinus. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp).

Ruwaida, I.P., Supriyadi, & Parjanto. (2009). Variability analysis of Sukun durian plant (Durio zibethinus) based on RAPD marker. Nus. Bioscience. 1(2): 84-91.

Schenck, N.C., & Perez, Y. (1990). Mannual for the identification of VA mycorrhizal fungi. Synergitis Publication. Gainesville. USA.

Schüßler, A., Schwarzott, D., & Walker, C. (2001). A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution. Mycol. Res. 105: 1413–1421.

Sharmah, D., Jha, D.K., & Pandey, R.R. (2010). Molecular approaches in arbuscular mycorrhizal research: a review. J. Phytol. 2(7): 75-90.

Siddigui, Z.A., & Pichtel, J. (2008). Mycorrhizae: An overview. In: Siddigui, Z.A., M.S. Akhtar., and K. Futai (Eds). Mycorrhiza: Sustainable agriculture and forestry. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. pp: 1–36.

Simon, L., L~vesque, R.C., & Lalonde, M. (1992). Rapid Quantitation by PCR of Endomycorrhizal Fungi Colonizing Roots. Genome Res. 2: 76–80.

Smith, S.E., & Read, D. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Third Edition. Academic Press, Elsevier. New York.

Souza, T. (2015). Handbook of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Springer-Verlag.

Suharno, Irawan, C., Qomariah, E.N., Putri, I.A., & Sufaati, S. (2014). Keragaman makrofungi di Distrik Warmare Kabupaten Manokwari, Papua Barat. Jurnal Biologi Papua. 6(1): 136–144.

Suharno, Sufaati, S., & Agustini, V. (2008). Keberadaan endomikoriza pada tanaman matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst.) di Manokwari, Papua Barat. Poster dipresentasikan pada seminar Asosiasi Mikoriza Indonesia di Padang. 12–15 Nopember 2008.

Suharno, Sufaati, S., Agustini, V., & Tanjung, R.H.R. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Wati (Piper methysticum), a medicinal plant from Merauke Lowland, Papua, Indonesia. Biosaintifika. 10(2): 260-266.

Suharno, Soetarto, E.S., Sancayaningsih, R.P., & Ksiamdari, R.S. (2017). Association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with Brachiaria precumbens (Poaceae) in tailing and its potential to increase the growth of maize (Z. mays). Biodiversitas. 18(1): 433–441.

Suharno, Kasiamdari, R.S., Soetarto, E.S., & Sancayaningsih, R.P. (2016). Presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on fern from tailing deposition area of gold mine in Timika, Indonesia. Int. J. Environ. Bioremed. Biodegrad. 4(1): 1–7.

Sun, X.-G. & Tang, M. (2012). Comparison of four routinely used methods for assessing root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Botany. 90(11): 1073–1083.

Teh, B.T., K. Lim, C.H. Yong, C.C. Young Ng, S.R. Rao, V. Rajasegaran, W.K. Lim, C.K. Ong, K. Chan, V.K.Y. Cheng, P.S. Soh, S. Swarup, S.G. Rozen, N. Nagarajan & P. Tan. (2017). The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus). Nature Genetics. 49(11): 1633-1641.

Vierheilig, H., Schweiger, P., & Brundrett, M. (2005). An overview of methods for the detection and observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots. Physiol. Plant. 125: 393–404.

Wang, F.Y., & Shi, Z.Y. (2008). Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in China: a Review. Adv. Environ. Biol. 2(1): 31–39.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2019.13.2.61-69