ACTORS AND POWER RELATION IN MANGROVE MANAGEMENT IN PESAWARAN REGENCY, LAMPUNG PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Indra Gumay Febriano, Didik Suhardjito, Dudung Darusman, Cecep Kusmana, Aceng Hidayat

Abstract


Politicization of environment has led to environmental degradation and community marginalization. The purpose of this research is to elucidate and verify actors and power relation occurred in mangrove management. Research results show that policies of regency government did not run well nor effective, as businessmen are able to converse mangrove into intensive shrimp ponds. NGO and community are making joint efforts to prevent further conversion of remaining mangrove but they are not strong enough to face the access of businessmen. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop larger network through collaboration in order to drive regency government policies to support mangrove management in a more sustainable way. Another way to carry out is by building relation with businessmen through academicians as parts of the above networking to educate businessmen about the importance of mangrove functions and advantages in order to achieve not only environmental sustainability but also shrimp aquaculture and people‟s livelihood sustainability. The success of local community organization greatly assisted the regency government in the development of rural community in its coastal areas. Mangrove conservation can be synergized by creating opportunities in improving people's livelihood alternatives and ultimately will reduce the pressure on mangroves.


Keywords


Actors; power relation; access; political ecology; mangrove.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Armitage, D. (2002). Socio-institutional dynamics and the political ecology of mangrove forest conservation in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 12, 203-217.

Barbier, E.B. & Cox, M. (2003). Does economic development lead to mangrove loss? A crosscountry analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy, 21(4), 418-432. doi: 10.1093/cep/byg022.

Bosire, J.O., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Walton, M., Crona, B.I., Lewis III, R.R., Field, C., ..., & Koedam, N. (2008). Functionality of restored mangroves: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89, 251- 259. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.03.010.

Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Lampung. (2011). Laporan status lingkungan hidup Daerah Provinsi Lampung tahun 2011. Bandar Lampung: Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Lampung.

Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pesawaran. (2013). Statistik daerah Kabupaten Pesawaran 2013. Gedong Tataan: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Bryant, R.L. & Bailey, S. (1997). Third world political ecology. London: Routledge. Bryant, R.L. (1998). Power, knowledge and political ecology in the third world: a review. Progress in Physical Geography, 22 (1), 79-94.

Cruz-Torres, M.L. (2000). “Pink gold rush”: shrimp aquaculture, sustainable development, and the environment in Northwestern Mexico. Journal of Political Ecology, 7, 63-90.

Dewalt, B.R., Vergne, P., & Hardin, M. (1996). Shrimp aquaculture development and the environment: people, mangroves and fisheries on the gulf of Fonseca, Honduras. World Development, 24 (7), 1193-1208.

Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran. (2008). Profil kelautan dan perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung. Gedong Tataan: Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran. (2011). Profil kelautan dan perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung. Gedong Tataan: Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Environmental Justice Foundation. (2003). Smash & grab: conflict, corruption and human rights abuses

in the shrimp farming industry. London: Environmental Justice Foundation.

Escobar, A. (1998). Whose knowledge, whose nature? Biodiversity, conservation, and the political ecology of social movements. Journal of Political Ecology, 5, 53-82.

Escobar, A. (2006). Difference and conflict in the struggle over natural resources: A political ecology framework. Development, 49(3), 6-13. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100267.

Febryano, I.G. (2014). Politik ekologi pengelolaan mangrove di Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung (Disertasi). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Febryano, I.G., Suharjito, D., Darusman, D., Kusmana, C., & Hidayat, A. (2014). The roles and sustainability of local institutions of mangrove management in Pahawang Island. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 20(2), 69-76. doi:10.7226/jtfm.20.2.69.

Gritten, D., Saastamoinen, O., & Sajama, S. (2009). Ethical analysis: A structured approach to facilitate the resolution of forest conflicts. Forest Policy and Economics, 11, 555-560. doi: 10.1016/j. forpol.2009.07.003.

Huitric, M., Folke, C., & Kautsky, N. (2002). Development and government policies of the shrimp farming industry in Thailand in relation to mangrove ecosystems. Ecological Economics, 40, 441-455.

Noor, Y.R., Khazali, M., & Suryadiputra, I.N.N. (2006). Panduan pengenalan mangrove di Indonesia. Bogor: Ditjen PHKA & Wetlands International-Indonesian Programme.

Peraturan Daerah No. 4 tahun 2012 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah Kabupaten Pesawaran Tahun 2011-2031.

Ribot, J.C. & Peluso, N.L. (2003). A theory of access. Rural Sociology, 68(2), 153-181.

Rizani. (2007). Menanam pohon kehidupan di Pulau Pahawang. In Afiff S. & Zakaria R.Y. (Eds.), Hutan dan manusia: mendorong pengelolaan hutan oleh rakyat”. Yogyakarta: Karsa & SGP PTF UNDP-EC-SEAMEO SEARCA.

Saputro, G.B., Hartini, S., Sukardjo, S., Susanto, A., & Poniman, A. (2009). Peta mangroves Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Survei Sumber Daya Alam Laut, Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional.

Surat Keputusan Bupati Pesawaran No. 162.B/ III.06/HK/2009 tentang Pembentukan Badan Pengelola Daerah Perlindungan Mangrove Kecamatan Punduh Pedada Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Surat Keputusan Bupati Pesawaran No. 175/ III.06/HK/2009 tentang Pembentukan Tim Kelompok Kerja Mangrove Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Surat Keputusan Gubernur Lampung No. 522/ 2656/04/2009 2009 tentang Penanganan Kawasan Mangrove.

Surat Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 188.41/360/IV/Bangda/2008 tentang Pembentukan Tim Pokja Mangrove.

Turner, M.D. (2004). Political ecology and the moral dimensions of “resource conflicts‟: The case of farmer-herder conflicts in the Sahel. Political Geography, 23, 863-889. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo. 2004.05.009.

Uphoff, N. & Buck, L. (2006). Strengthening rural local institutional capacities for sustainable livelihoods and equitable development. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

Valiela, I., Bowen, J.L., & York, J.K. (2001). Mangrove forests: one of the world‟s threatened major tropical environments. BioScience, 51(10), 807-815.

Vandergeest, P., Flaherty, M., & Miller, P. (1999). A political ecology of shrimp aquaculture in Thailand. Rural Sociology, 64, 573-596.

Vayda, A.P. & Walters, B.B. (1999). Against political ecology. Human Ecology, 27(1), 167-179.

Walters, B.B., Ronnback, P., Kovacs, J.M., Crona, B., Hussain, S.A., Badola, R., ..., & DahdouhGuebas, F. (2008). Ethnobiology, socioeconomics and management of mangrove forests: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89, 220-236. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.02.009.

Wijayaratna, C.M. (2004). Role of local communities and institutions in integrated rural development. In Wijayaratna, C.M. (Ed.), Role of local communities and institutions in integrated rural development (pp. 34-62). Seminar Asian Productivity Organization, 2002 June 15-20, Teheran, Iran. Teheran: Asian Productivity Organization.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2015.12.2.125-142

Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan