PERAN KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN (KPH) DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PERHUTANAN SOSIAL: STUDI DI KPH PRODUKSI KERINCI, PROVINSI JAMBI DAN KPH LINDUNG SIJUNJUNG, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Abstract
Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) memiliki informasi kondisi biofisik dan sosial ekonomi sekitar hutan sehingga KPH memiliki peranan penting dalam mendukung Perhutanan Sosial (PS). Kesediaan dan peran KPH dalam implementasi program PS perlu dikaji, terutama melalui sudut pandang para pihak yang terlibat dalam PS. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkonstruksikan dan mengukur pergeseran konseptual pengelola KPH terhadap PS dari sisi pengelola KPH, masyarakat dan pendamping perhutanan sosial berupa sikap dan kelembagaan yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan perhutanan sosial, mengukur performansi PS di areal KPH serta mengkaji hubungan antara sikap dan perilaku pengelola KPH terhadap keberhasilan PS yang berada di areal KPH. Penelitian dilakukan di 2 lokasi yaitu KPHP Kerinci dan KPHL Sijunjung. Pengolahaan dan analisis data menggunakan metode skoring untuk mengukur sikap, kelembagaan dan keberhasilan PS, serta analisis korelasi Pearson untuk menganalisis pengaruh sikap dan kelembagaan KPH terhadap keberhasilan PS. Fokus penelitian adalah pengukuran sikap dan orientasi KPH terhadap PS, kelembagaan yang telah terbentuk terkait PS di KPH serta keberhasilan PS di areal KPH dari segi sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 60 responden dengan purposive sampling hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa sikap KPHP Kerinci dan KPHL Sijunjung telah mendukung PS, sementara tindakan KPH terhadap PS masih dibatasi oleh kewenangan berdasarkan peraturan perundangan dan keterbatasan pendanaan. Konstruk yang dibangun dapat menjelaskan peran KPH dalam keberhasilan sosial dan ekonomi PS.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Agrawal, A. (2001). Common property institutions and sustainable governance of resources. World Development, 29(10), 1649–1672. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00063-8.
Barnes, C., & van Laerhoven, F. (2015). Making it last? Analysing the role of NGO interventions in the development of institutions for durable collective action in Indian community forestry. Environmental Science and Policy, 53, 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envsci.2014.06.008.
Baynes, J., Herbohn, J., Smith, C., Fisher, R., & Bray, D. (2015). Key factors which influence the success of community forestry in developing countries. Global Environmental Change, 35, 226–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gloenvcha.2015.09.011.
Campbell, J. (1997). Reconciling the Power to Control with the Need to Use : New Perspective for World Forestry (p. 1997). World Commision on Forest and Sustainable Development.
Chokkalingam U, Pulhin JM, Carandang AP, Lasco RD (2006). Conclusions and Recommendations. One Century of Forest Rehabilitation in the Phillipines: Approaches, Outcomes and Lessons. Centre for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia, pp. 122-132
Cronkleton, P., Pulhin, J. M., & Saigal, S. (2012). Co management in Community Forestry : How the Partial Devolution of Management Rights Creates Challenges for Forest Communities, 10(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972- 4923.97481.
Darusman, D. (2002). Pembenahan Kehutanan Indonesia. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB.
Dietz T, Ostrom E, Stern PC. (2003). The struggle to govern the commons. Science, 302(5652), 1907-1912.
Dove, M. R. (1995). The theory of social forestry intervention : the state of the art in Asia The theory of social forestry intervention : the state of the art in Asia. Agroforestry System, 30, 315–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF00705217.
Ekawati, S. (2014). Pembangunan KPH di Indonesia. In S. Ekawati & B. Hernowo (Eds.), Operasionalisasi Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan ( KPH ): Langkah Awal Menuju Kemandirian. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.
Fraser, E. D. G., Dougill, A. J., Mabee, W. E., Reed, M., & Mcalpine, P. (2006). Bottom up and top down : Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management. Journal of Environmental Management, 78, 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2005.04.009.
Herawati, T., Liswanti, N., & Banjade, M. R. (2017). Merancang Masa Depan Perhutanan Sosial di Provinsi Lampung Dari skenario menuju aksi. Brief CIFOR, (183), 1–8. https://doi. org/10.17528/cifor/006558.
Kumar, S., & Kant, S. (2005). Bureaucracy and new management paradigms : modeling foresters’ perceptions regarding community-based forest management in India. Forest Policy and Economics, 7, 651–669. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.forpol.2004.02.001.
Mueller DJ (1992). Measuring Social Attitudes. New York : Columbia University.
Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons:The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (First Edit). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pagdee, A., Kim, Y., Daugherty, P. J., & Kim, Y. (2006). Society & Natural Resources : An What Makes Community Forest Management Successful : A Meta-Study From Community Forests Throughout the World What Makes Community Forest Management Successful : A Meta-Study From Community Forests Throughout the World. Society & Natural Resources, 19(1), 33–52. https://doi. org/10.1080/08941920500323260.
Pulhin JM, Inoue M, Enters T. (2007). Three decades of community-based forest management in the Philippines : emerging lessons for sustainable and equitable forest management. Int.For. Rev.,9 (4): 865-883.
Sahide, M. A. K., Supratman, S., Maryudi, A., Kim, Y. S., & Giessen, L. (2016). Decentralisation policy as recentralisation strategy : forest management units and community forestry in Indonesia. International Forestry Review, 18(1), 78–95.
Schusser, C., Deutsche, D. F. S., Gmbh, F., Forest, G., Consulting, S., Forest, C., … Schusser, C. (2013). The Applicability of the German Community Forestry Model to Developing Countries. Forstarchiv, 84, 24–29. https://doi. org/10.4432/0300-4112-84-24.
Schusser, C., Krott, M., Movuh, M. C. Y., Logmani, J., Devkota, R. R., Maryudi, A., … Bach, N. D. (2015). Forest Policy and Economics Powerful stakeholders as drivers of community forestry — Results of an international study. Forest Policy and Economics, 58, 92–101. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.05.011
Setyarso, A., Djajono, A., Nugroho, B., Wulandari, C., Suwarno, E., Kartodihardjo, H., & Sardjono, M. A. (2014). Strategi Pengembangan KPH dan Perubahan Struktur Kehutanan Indonesia. e-Book. Retrieved from www. forclime.org
Suharjito, D., Khan, A., Djatmiko, W., Sirait, M., & Evelyna, A. (2000). Karakteristik Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Masyarakat. Pustaka Kehutanan Masyarakat.
Suharjito D. (2017). Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) : Kebijakan, Implementasi dan Masa Depan. Jakarta: MFP & Dewan Kehutanan Nasional.
Walpole, RE (1995). Pengantar Statistika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2021.18.2.145-160
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
