ANALISA KIMIA KAYU PADA TANAMAN  Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PULP

Dedi Setiadi; Mudji Susanto; Mohammad Anis Fauzi

doi:10.20886/jpth.2015.9.1.53-60

ANALISA KIMIA KAYU PADA TANAMAN Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PULP

Dedi Setiadi, Mudji Susanto, Mohammad Anis Fauzi

Abstract

Araucaria cunninghamii is one of the endemic needles tree species grown naturally in Papua. The material used in the study is wood of A.cunninghamii that was planted in the first-generation of progeny test in Bondowoso, East Java. This study aims to determine the characteristic chemical properties of A.cunninghamii wood from some provenances as raw material for pulp. Disk of wood samples were taken from the stem at 50 cm above the ground with 5 cm of thickness. Testing chemical properties include the levels of toluene extractives soluble in ethanol, hot water soluble extractives, holocellulose, cellulose and lignin. Data were analyzed to determine the effect of provenance to chemical properties of wood. The results of study showed that wood sample of A.cunninghamii contained 73.33% holocellulose, 46.39% cellulose, lignin 30.56%, 1.19% ethanol solubility and 1.34% hot water solubility. Based on the composition of chemical substances contained in the wood, A.cunninghamii generally has good quality to be used as raw materials of pulp and paper.

Keywords

Araucaria cunninghamii; provenances; wood chemical properties

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akiyama, T., Goto, H., Nawawi, D. S., Syafii, W., Matsumoto, Y., & Meshitsuka, G. (2005). Erythro/threo Ratio of β-O-4, Structures as an important structural characteristic of lignin. Part 4: Variation in the erythro/threo ratio in softwood and hardwood lignis and its relation to syringyl/guaiacyl ratio. Holzforschung, 59, 276-281.

ASTM. (2002). Annual Book of ASTM Standars, Section 4, Construction. USA: ASTM International.

Cahyono, Y. (2005). Potensi Industri Pulp, Makalah Pelatihan Industri Pulp dan Kertas. Bandung: Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas.

Copur, Y., Makkonen, H., & Amidon, T. E. (2005). The prediction of pulp yield using selected fiber properties. Holzforschung, 59, 477-480.

Casey. J. P, (Ed.). (1980). Pulping Chemistry and Chemical Technology: Vol. 1. Pulping and Papermaking. New York: Intercine Publicer Inc.

Fengel, D., & Wegener, G. (1995). Kayu: Kimia, Ultrastruktur, reaksi-reaksi. In S. Prawirohatmojo (Ed.), Wood Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions (H. Sastroamijoyo, Trans.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. (Original work published 1984).

Finkeldey, R. (2005). Introduction to Tropical Forest Genetics. Institute of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding. University of Gottingen.

Henriksson, G., & Lennholm, H. (2009). Cellulose and Carbohydrate Chemistry. In M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, & G. Henriksson (Eds.). Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 1. (pp. 71-100). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH&Co.

Haygreen, J. G., & Bowyer, J. L. (1996). Hasil Hutan dan Ilmu Kayu (3rd ed.). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Jansson, M. B., & Nilvebrant, N. O. (2009). Wood Extractives. In M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, & G. Henriksson (Eds). Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Tecnology, Vol.1 (pp. 147-172). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH&Co.

Junaidi, B. A., & Yunus, R. (2009). Kajian Potensi Tumbuhan Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) Untuk Bahan Baku Industri Pulp: Aspek Kandungan Kimia Kayu. Jurnal Hutan Tropis Borneo, 10(28), 284-291.

Nugraheni, N. (2008). Keragaman Komponen Kimia dan Dimensi Serat Kayu Reaksi Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon Linn.) (Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan). Departemen Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Kien, N. D., Quang, T. H., Jansson, G., Harwood, C., Clapham, D., & Arnold, S. (2009). Cellulose content as a selection trait in breeding for kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus uophylla. Annals Forest Science 66: 1-8.

Karlina, L, Nawawi, D. S., & Widyani, M. (2010). Kajian Sifat Anatomi dan Kimia Kayu Kaitannya dengan Sifat Akuistik Kayu. Bionatural. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Hayati dan Fisisk, 12(3), 110-116.

Lestari, S. B., &. Pari, G. (1990). Analisa Kimia Beberapa Jenis Kayu Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 7(3), 96-100.

Prawirohatmodjo, S. (2004). Kimia Kayu: Dasar-dasar dan Penggunaan (2nd ed.) (H. Sastroamijoyo, Trans.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. (Original work published 1995).

Sutopo, R. S. (2005). Karakteristik Industri Pulp dan Kertas. Bandung: Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas.

Setiadi, D., & Susanto, M. (2012). Variasi Genetik pada Kombinasi Uji Provenans dan Uji Keturunan Araucaria cunninghamii di Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, 6(3), 157-165.

Syafii, W., & Siregar, I. Z. (2006). Sifat Kimia dan Dimensi Serat Kayu Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) dari Tiga Provenans. Journal Tropical Wood Science & Technology, 4 (1), 28-32.

Tsoumiss, G. (1991). Science and Technology of Wood Structure: Properties Utilization. New York: van Hostrand Reinhold.

Zumaini, U. F. (2014). Studi Sifat Kimia dan Morfologi Serat Kayu Pohon Plus di Uji Keturunan Eucalyptus pellita Generasi Kedua di Pelaihari, Kalimantan Selatan (Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan). Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

Zobel, B. J., & Sprague, J. R. (1998). Juvenile Wood in Forest Trees. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelber.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2015.9.1.53-60