PENGARUH KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN TANAMAN NYAMPLUNG (Callophylum inophyllum L.) DAN JOHAR (Cassia florida Vahl.) DARI PROVENAN YANG BERBEDA

Nur Hidayati; Rina Laksmi Hendrati; Arie Triani; Sudjino Sudjino

doi:10.20886/jpth.2017.11.2.99-111

PENGARUH KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN TANAMAN NYAMPLUNG (Callophylum inophyllum L.) DAN JOHAR (Cassia florida Vahl.) DARI PROVENAN YANG BERBEDA

Nur Hidayati, Rina Laksmi Hendrati, Arie Triani, Sudjino Sudjino

Abstract

Nyamplung (Callophylum inophyllum L.) and johar (Cassia florida Vahl.) are alternative plants that are resistant to drought. Global warming that occurred in the last few years caused extreme climate change, one of which is drought. The purpose of this research were to examine and determine the growth and development of plants and the response of morphology, physiology, and anatomy of these plants to drought condition, and adaptive species to drought. This research used drought stress treatment for 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, and 40 days, while control plants were watered every 2 days. Each treatment used 3 replications. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, proline levels, plant water content, total dry weight, root dry weight, stomata index, root anatomy, anatomy of stem, and leaf anatomy. Physiological data obtained were analyzed using T-test. The results showed that plants responded to drought stress by decreasing plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root dry weight, total dry weight, water content of plants, transpiration rate, stomata lindex, root cortex thickness, leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf phloem thickness, other wise occurred increasing level of proline, root epidermis thickness, stem xylem diameter, stem cortical thickness and leaf xylem thickness. Johar plant was more adaptive plant to drought stress than nyamplung plant.

Keywords

morphology; physiology; anatomy; adaptive

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akram, H. M., Ali, A., Sattar, A., Rehman, H. S. U., & Bibi, A. (2013). Impact of water deficit stress on various physiological and agronomic traits of three Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23(5), 1415–1423. Retrieved from http://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/v-23-5/30.pdf

Allen, C. D., Macalady, A. K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., Mcdowell, N., Kitzberger, T., … Mcdowell, N. (2010). A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.001

Andini, A. N. (2011). Anatomi Jaringan Daun dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Celosia cristata, Catharantus roseus dan Gomphrena globosa pada lingkungan Udara Tercemar. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Retrieved from http://repository.ipb.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/50038/1/G11ana.pdf

Arifai, M. (2009). Respon Anatomi Daun Dan Parameter Fotosintesis Tumbuhan Padi Gogo, Caisim, Echinochloa crussgalli L. dan Bayam pada Berbagai Cekaman Kekeringan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Retrieved from repository.ipb.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/.../2009mar1.pdf

Balingtan. (2014). Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Terhadap Bencana Kekeringan Di Indonesia. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from

http://balingtan.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ind/index.php/berita/202-dampak-perubahan-iklim-global-terhadap-bencana-kekeringan-di-indonesia

Banyo, Y. E., Ai, N. S., Siahaan, P., & Tangapo, A. M. (2013). Konsentrasi Klorofil Daun Padi Pada Saat Kekurangan Air. Ilmiah Sains, 13(1), 1–8. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/JIS/article/view/1615

Basu, S., Ramegowda, V., Kumar, A., & Pereira, A. (2016). Plant adaptation to drought stress. F1000Research, 5, 1554. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7678.1

Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. P., & Teare, I. D. (1973). SHORT COMMUNICATION Rapid determination of free proline for w a t e r - s t r e s s studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205–207. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00018060?LI=true

Fenta, B., Beebe, S., Kunert, K., Burridge, J., Barlow, K., Lynch, J., & Foyer, C. (2014). Field Phenotyping of Soybean Roots for Drought Stress Tolerance. Agronomy, 4(3), 418–435. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4030418

Ferreira Melo, E., Fernandes-Brum, C. N., de Castro, E. M., & Chalfun-Júnior, A. (2014). Anatomic and physiological modifications in seedlings of Coffea arabica cultivar Siriema under drought conditions. Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 38(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542014000100003

Hamim. (2005). Respon Pertumbuhan Spesies C3 dan C4 terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan dan Konsentrasi CO 2 tinggi. Biosfera, 22(3), 105–113. Retrieved from https://journal.bio.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/biosfera/article/view/174

Hamim, Sopandie, D., & Yusuf, M. (1996). Beberapa Karakteristik Morfologi dan Fisiologi Kedelai Toleran dan Peka tcrhadap Cekaman Kekeringan. Hayati, 3(1), 30–34. Retrieved from http://repository.ipb.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/29655/1/Hamim_beberapa_karakteristik31996no1_034.pdf

Hidayat, E. B. (1995). Anatomi tumbuhan berbiji. ITB Bandung. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4mEotwAACAAJ

Kartasapoetra, A. G. (1991). Pengantar anatomi tumbuh-tumbuhan (tentang sel & jaringan). Rineka Cipta. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=yT1cngEACAAJ

Khaerana, Ghulamahdi, M., & Purwakusumah, E. D. (2008). Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan dan Umur Panen Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Xanthorrhizol Temulawak ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb .). Bul. Agron, 3(36), 241–247. Retrieved from http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=84459&val=194&title=

Lakitan, B. (1993). Dasar-dasar fisiologi tumbuhan. Raja Grafindo Persada. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=jTuSnQAACAAJ

Lawlor, D. W. (2002). Limitation to photosynthesis in water-stressed leaves: Stomata vs. Metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89, 871–885. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf110

Lestari, E. G., Mariska, I., Sukmadjaja, D., & Suardi, D. (2004). Seleksi in vitro dan identifikasi tanaman padi varietas gajahmungkur, towuti, dan IR64 yang tahan kekeringan (pp. 170–179). Retrieved from http://biogen.litbang.pertanian.go.id/terbitan/pdf/prosiding2004_170-179.pdf

Maestri, M., Da Matta, F. M., Regazzi, A. J., & Barros, R. S. (1995). Accumulation of proline and quaternary ammonium compounds in mature leaves of water stressed coffee plants ( Coffea arabica and C. canephora ). Journal of Horticultural Science, 70(2), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1995.11515292

Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Cold, Salinity, and Drought Stress. Plant Stress Biology: From Genomics to Systems Biology, 444, 137–159. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.018

Mitchell, R. J., Morecroft, M. D., Acreman, M., Crick, H. Q. P., Frost, M., Harley, M., … Pontier, H. (2007). England Biodiversity Strategy: Towards adaptation to climate change. Defra.(http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlifecount ryside/resprog/findings/ebs-Climate-Change.pdf), (May).

Oukarroum, A., Madidi, S. El, Schansker, G., & Strasser, R. J. (2007). Probing the responses of barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) by chlorophyll a fluorescence OLKJIP under drought stress and re-watering. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60(3), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.01.002

Patakas, A., Nikolaou, N., Zioziou, E., Radoglou, K., & Noitsakis, B. (2002). The role of organic solute and ion accumulation in osmotic adjustment in drought-stressed grape v ines. Plant Science, 163, 361–367. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168945202001401

Rehfeldt, G. E., Wykoff, W. R., & Ying, C. C. (2001). Physiologic plasticity, evolution, and impacts of a changing climate on Pinus contorta. Climatic Change, 50(3), 355–376. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010614216256

Sharma, V. ., & Fletcher, J. . (2002). Maintenance of shoot and floral meristem cell proliferation and fate. Plant Physiology, 129(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.010987

Srivastava, L. (2002). Plant growth and development. Hormones and the environment. Annals of Botany, 92(6), 846–846. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg209

Violita. (2007). Komparasi Respon Fisiologi Tanaman Kedelai yang Mendapat Cekaman Kekeringan dan Perlakuan Herbisida Paraquat. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Retrieved from http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/10468/2007vio.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

Wang, L. (2014). Physiological and molecular responses to drought stress in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 83, 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.012

Yohana, C., Sulistyaningsih, Dorly, & Akmal, H. (1994). Studi Anatomi Daun Saccharum spp . sebagai Induk dalam Pemuliaan Tebu. Hayati, 1(2), 32–36. Retrieved from http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/25297

Zlatev, Z., & Lidon, F. C. (2012). An overview on drought induced changes in plant growth , water relations and photosynthesis. Emir. J. Food Agric., 24(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i12.16734

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2017.11.2.99-111