PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SABUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN BAHAN PENGAKTIF NH4HCO3 DAN (NH4)2C03 DOSIS RENDAH 1)

Abstract

This report deals with experimental study on the utilization of palm-tree bast as raw material for activated charcoal. In this regard, the main aim was to study the effect of concentrations of vaporized  NH₄HCO₃and (NH₄)₂C0₃ solutions as activating agents (in persentages) on properties of activated charcoal, and to evaluate its use for purifying ground waler In this regard. the vapors might consist of NH₃, CO₂, and H₂O. The manufacture of activated charcoal involved two consecutive stages, i.e. charcoaling and activation. The charcoaling was performed on the palm-tree bast in a retort equipped with electrical heater, followed by the activation stage where by the inside retort temperature was increased to 850ºC. At this temperature, the vapors of both NH₄HCO₃and (NH₄)₂C0₃ were each passed into the retort al several concentrations (i.e. 0.0 %; 0.01%; 0.025%; 0.075%. and 0.1% of either vapor) for 90 minutes at pressure of 0.05 kg/cm² and on completion the resulting activated charcoal was examined of their inherent properties.

It was found out that the activated charcoal with NH₄HCO₃vapor at 0.01% revealed the most satisfactory properties with respect to its selection for purifying the ground water. The yield of activated charcoal at this vapor percentage was 15.99%, moisture content 0.10%, ash content 31.85%, volatile matter 24.85%, carbon content 43.21%, adsorptive capacity of benzene 13.33 %, of CHCl₃  16.28%, of NH₃ 26.65%. of CCl₄ 26.64%, of iodine 799.5 mg/g, of methylene blue 136.10 mg/g and surface area 463.41 m²/g.           ·

The ground water afler being purified with this selected activated charcoal revealed the improvement on its qualities. as shown by the decreases in Fe from 4.919 mg/l; to 0.00 mg/I, Zn from 0.031 mg/I to 0.00 mg/I, Mn from 7.780 mg/I to 6.16 mg/I; the increase in pH from 6.99 to 8.00 on and the more transparent in its color.