POTENSI SIMPANAN KARBON DAN EMISI CO2 AKIBAT PENEBANGAN DI HUTAN ALAM PAPUA

Yuniawati Yuniawati, Dulsalam Dulsalam, Sarah Andini

Abstract


Hutan sebagai tempat penyerapan karbon akan menjadi sumber emisi jika tidak ada lagi tumbuhan yang berfotosintesis sebagai penyimpan karbon dioksida (CO2). Keberadaan gas CO2 yang berlebihan dan tersebar di permukaan bumi dapat memengaruhi perubahan iklim global. Pemanenan kayu yang tidak terkendali di hutan alam berdampak negatif terhadap potensi penyerapan karbon dan emisi CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi simpanan dan emisi karbon akibat penebangan kayu di hutan alam Papua. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan secara destruktif dan non-destruktif dengan menggunakan data potensi tegakan sebelum penebangan dan potensi pohon yang akan ditebang dengan membuat sembilan petak contoh pengamatan (PCP) di tiga petak penebangan yang terpilih di dalam kawasan konsesi hutan alam, yaitu petak nomor CC47, K47, dan L47.  Masing-masing PCP berupa petak persegi panjang dengan ukuran 2 ha (200 x 100 m2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur tegakan hutan alam di lokasi penelitian membentuk huruf J terbalik. Tegakan dengan kelas diameter 60 cm ke atas memiliki volume tegakan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelas diameter lainnya. Cadangan karbon pada tegakan sebelum penebangan adalah 21,07 ton C/ha. Potensi simpanan karbon berkurang ketika sebanyak 144 pohon ditebang, pengurangannya sebesar 18,49 ton C/ha, atau setara dengan emisi karbon sebesar 67,86 ton CO2-ekuivalen. Setelah penebangan, potensi simpanan karbon berkurang sebesar 2,57 ton C/ha sehingga potensi emisi di areal setelah penebangan setara dengan 9,43 ton CO2-ekuivalen.


Keywords


Simpanan karbon; emisi CO2; berkurang; penebangan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2022.40.2.61–73

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