TRADITIONAL ZONE IS A FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION OF NATIONAL PARKS MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

Edi H.S Sulistyo, Sambas Basuni, Arif Satria, Aceng Hidayat

Abstract


The Indonesian government has realized the importance of decentralized systems of forest resource management including the management of conservation areas by issuing Government Regulation No. 28/2011 on the Management of Sanctuary Reserve and Nature Conservation Area. The regulation is aimed at providing access to local communities to utilize resources within national parks. This paper aims to: 1) analyze  result of the decentralization of the management of national parks by examining the dimensions of property rights devolved to the local community based on the government regulation No. 28/2011; 2) the proportion  of  power transferred by central government to local communities and 3)learn  the decentralization of resource use within conservation areas in India and Nepal that possibly useful for Indonesia to adopt. This study shows that  traditional use in a national parks' traditional zone can be considered as a form of decentralization.  The level of rights that can be devolved into local communities in the traditional utilization zone is the proprietory rights. Lessons that can be learned from the implementation of decentralization in India and Nepal is that the delegation of limited rights does not produce enough change in either the condition of the resource or the relationship between the government and the local community.


Keywords


Decentralization; national parks; traditional use; local communities; property rights.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agrawal, A. & Ostrom, E. (2001). Collective action, property rights and decentralization in resource use in India and Nepal. Politics & Society, 29(4), 485-514.

Agrawal, A. & Ribot, C.J. (2000). Analyzing decentralization: A framework with South Asian and West African environmental cases. In C.J Ribot & P.G. Veit (Eds.), Environmental Governance in Africa (pp. 139). Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

Departemen Kehutanan. (2007). Desentralisasi Kehutanan Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen Kehutanan. Dressler, W.H., Kull, C.A., & Meredith, T.C. (2006). The politics of decentralizing national parks management in the Philippines. Political Geography, 25, 789-816.

Fisher, R.J., Durst, P.B., Enters, T., & Victor, M. (2000). Overview of themes and issues in devolution and decentralization of forest management in Asia and the Pacific. In T. Enters, M. Victor, & P. Durst (Eds.), Decentralization and Devolution of Forest Management in Asia and the Pacific. RECOFTC Report No. 18. Bangkok: RAP Publication.

Golar. (2007). Strategi adaptasi masyarakat adat Toro: kajian kelembagaan lokal dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. (Disertasi). Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Katila, P. (2008). Devolution of forest-related rights: comparative analyses of six developing countries (Dissertation). In O. Luukkanen (Eds.), Tropical Forestry Reports 33. Helsinki: VITRI University of Helsinki.

Krippendorff, K. (1991). Analisis isi: Pengantar teori dan metodologi. Jakarta: Rajawali Pres.

Lok Raj Nepal. (2013). Devolution of property rights in three forest management regimes in Nepal: comparative study. Beijing: Forestry University.

Nagendra, H., Karmacharya, M., & Karna, B. (2005). Evaluating forest management in Nepal: views across space and time. Ecology and Society, 10(1), 24.

Ostrom, E. & Schlager, E. (1996). The formation of property rights. In S. Hanna, C. Folke, & K.G. Maler (Eds.), Rights to nature: ecological, economic, cultural, and political principles of institutions for the environment. Washington DC: Island Press.

Peraturan Pemerintah No. 68 Tahun 1998 tentang Kawasan Suaka Alam dan Kawasan Pelestarian Alam.

Peraturan Pemerintah No. 6 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Hutan dan Penyusunan Rencana Pengelolaan Hutan serta Pemanfaatan Hutan.

Peraturan Pemerintah No. 28 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Kawasan Suaka Alam dan Kawasan Pelestarian Alam.

Ribot, J.C. (2002). Democratic decentralization of natural resources: institutionalizing popular participation. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.

Ruddle, K. & Satria, A. (Eds.). (2010). Managing coastal and inland waters: preexisting aquatic management systems in Southeast Asia. Doi 10.1007/978-90-4819555-8_3@Springer.

Schlager, E. & Ostrom, E. (1992). Pro-perty rights regimes and natural resources: a conceptual analysis. Land Economic, 68(3), 249-262.

Sikor, Tran N.T. (2007). Exclusive versus inclusive devolution in forest management: insights from forest land allocation in Vietnam's Central Highlands. Land Use Policy, 24, 644-653.

USAID. (2011). Devolution of forest rights and sustainable forest management: a review of policies and programs in 16 developing countries. Burlington: Tetra Tech ARD.

Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya.

Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.

Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jakk.2014.11.3.225-237

Copyright (c) 2015 Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan