KERAGAMAN SIMPANAN KARBON DALAM TIPE TANAH NITISOLS DAN FERRALSOLS DI KAWASAN HUTAN TANAMAN Pinus merkusii Jungh et. de Vriest DAN Shorea leprosula Miq. DI KABUPATEN BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Harris Herman Siringoringo

Sari


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keragaman kondisi lahan yang dicirikan oleh besarnya simpanan karbon pada tanah Nitisols dan Ferralsols di kawasan hutan tanaman Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriest dan Shorea leprosula Miq. yang baru ditanam, termasuk vegetasi awalnya, secara berurutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RPH Ngasuh dan RPH Cianten, keduanya merupakan lingkup  wilayah kerja KPH Bogor, Unit III Perum Perhutani, Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Banten. Kondisi iklim di Ngasuh termasuk tipe B, sedangkan di Cianten tipe iklim A dengan rata-rata curah hujan tahunan berturut-turut sebesar 3.148 mm dan 4.561 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan tanah Nitisols lebih rendah daripada tanah Ferralsols dan berbeda nyata hingga kedalaman tanah 70 cm, dengan rata-rata total untuk kedalaman 0-100 cm berkisar antara 0,38-0,70 g/cc untuk Nitisols dan 0,53-0,86 g/cc untuk Ferralsols. Sebaliknya, kandungan karbon pada tanah Nitisols lebih tinggi daripada tipe Ferralsols dan berbeda nyata hingga pada kedalaman 50 cm, dengan rata-rata total untuk kedalaman 0-100 cm berkisar antara  0,58-11,84%  untuk Nitisols dan 1,18-6,07 %  untuk Ferralsols. Sementara, kadar liat  tanah Nitisols lebih rendah dibanding dengan tanah Ferralsols, dengan rata-rata total untuk kedalaman 0-100 cm berkisar antara 39,30-53,30 % untuk Nitisols dan 78,60-87,60 % untuk Ferralsols. Simpanan karbon tanah kumulatif pada tanah Nitisols lebih besar daripada tanah Ferralsols dan berbeda nyata hingga kedalaman 50 cm, yaitu sebesar 127,13 ton/ha untuk Nitisols dan 98,66 ton/ha untuk Ferralsols. Sedangkan koefisien keragaman simpanan karbon kumulatif pada tanah Nitisols lebih tinggi daripada tanah Ferralsols, berkisar antara 20,29-43,91 % dan 8,56-10,55 %, secara berurutan. Jumlah contoh tanah yang dibutuhkan untuk memperkirakan simpanan karbon dengan menghasilkan 5 % kesalahan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % pada kedalaman 0-30 cm adalah sebanyak   14 contoh untuk tanah Ferralsols dan setidaknya 206 contoh untuk tanah Nitisols. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa  keragaman kondisi  lahan  yang  berbeda  pada  masing-masing tipe  tanah  cenderung konsisten dengan tingkat pelapukan tanah. Di samping itu, pengaruh topografi yang curam mungkin menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan lebih tingginya heterogenitas pada tanah Nitisols.


Kata Kunci


Tipe tanah; tegakan hutan; simpanan karbon tanah kumulatif; keragaman kondisi lahan; jumlah contoh yang diperlukan

Teks Lengkap:

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2007.4.5.441-456

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