KARAKTERISTIK ULAR SANCA BATIK (Python reticulatus) YANG DIPANEN DI SUMATERA UTARA

Kristina Nainggolan, Mirza Dikari Kusrini, Agus Priyono Kartono

Sari


ABSTRACT

Batik pythons (Python reticulatus) is one of reptiles currently getting international concern due to their high exploitation as export commodity. Excessive exploitation may threaten the stability of the population in the wild. The research of morphological characteristics of batik python conducted in North Sumatra was aimed to identify the characteristics of harvested P. reticulatus that has been processed at the slaughterhouses to predict changes in population structure in the wild. The data observed and analyzed were number of harvest, sex, sex ratio, morphometry, age class, reproductive maturity and feed type. Sex ratio from 272 specimens analysed from the slaughterhouse was 1: 0.86, or 53.68% males and 46.32% females, age class juvenileOf 29.04% with sex ratio of 1: 0.42 and adult of 70.96% with sex ratio of 1: 0.93. Mean snout vent length (SVL) of harvested Reticulated python was 272.67 cm (SD = 37.76). There was a significant difference in SVL between males (mean = 267, SD = 37.04) and females (mean = 278, SD = 37.91) at the same age class (p = 0.019). Results of this study support the conclusion of previous studies that commercial skin trade does not terminate the population of reticulated python in Indonesia. However, the tendency of smaller body size of harvesting python compared to previous studies indicates the possibility of excessive harvesting.

Keywords: Harvested characteristics, Python reticulatus, SVL, North Sumatra

 

ABSTRAK

Ular sanca batik (Python reticulatus) adalah salah satu jenis ular yang pemanenannya dijadikan komoditas ekspor. Eksploitasi yang berlebihan dikhawatirkan akan mengancam kestabilan populasinya di alam. Penelitian karakteristik morfologi ular sanca batik yang dilakukan di Sumatera Utara ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik P. reticulatus hasil panenan yang diolah di tempat pemotongan untuk menduga perubahan struktur populasinya di alam. Data yang diamati dan dianalisis adalah jumlah panenan, jenis kelamin, sex ratio, morfometri, kelas umur, kematangan reproduksi, dan jenis pakan. Selama penelitian teridentifikasi 272 ekor P. reticulatus, 146 ekor jantan dan 126 ekor betina. Sex rasio dari 272 ekor P. reticulatus yang dibedah adalah 1 : 0,86 atau 53,68% jantan dan 46,32% betina, kelas umur juvenile 29,04% dengan sex rasio 1 : 0,42 dan dewasa 70,96% dengan sex rasio 1 : 0,93. Rerata SVL P. reticulatus yang dipanen adalah 272.67 cm (SD = 37,76). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin maka terdapat perbedaan antara ukuran SVL jantan (rerata = 267, SD = 37,04) dan betina (rerata = 278, SD = 37.91) pada kelas umur yang sama (t270 = -2,363, p = 0,019). Ukuran testis terbesar jantan matang kelamin (n = 63) pada ukuran SVL 335 cm dan ukuran folikel terbesar betina matang kelamin (n = 22) terdapat pada betina ukuran SVL 329 cm. Pada 272 ekor P. reticulatus yang dibedah, diperiksa saluran pencernaannya, 261 ekor tidak ditemukan sisa pakan. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung penelitian sebelumnya yang menyimpulkan bahwa perdagangan kulit komersial tidak memusnahkan populasi P. reticulatus di Indonesia, namun demikian ukuran tubuh panenan yang lebih kecil dari penelitian sebelumnya memberikan sinyal kemungkinan terjadinya panenan berlebih.

Kata kunci: Karakteristik panenan, sanca batik, SVL, Sumatera Utara


Kata Kunci


Karakteristik panenan; sanca batik; SVL; Sumatera Utara

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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Abel, F. (1998). Status, Population Biology and Conservation of the Water Monitor (Varanus salvator), The Reticulated Python (P. reticulatus) and The Blood Python (Python curtus) in Sumatera and Kalimantan Indonesia – Project Report North Sumatera. Mertenseilla, 9, 111–117.

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Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam. (2014). Kuota Pengambilan Tumbuhan Alam dan Penangkapan Satwa Liar Periode Tahun 2014. Keputusan Direktur Jenderal, SK.13/IV-KK

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James, C., & Shine, R. (1985). The seasonal timing of reproduction: - A tropical-temperate comparison in Australian lizards. Oecologia, 67(4), 464-474. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF00790016

Mardiastuti, A., & Soehartono, T. (2003). Konservasi Amfibi dan Reptil di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan. In M. D. Kusrini, A. Mardiastuti, & T. Harvey (Eds.), Perdagangan Reptil Indonesia di Pasar Internasional (pp. 131–144). Bogor: Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor bekerjasama dengan Indonesian Reptile and Amphibian Trade Association.

Mexico, T. (2000). Python reticulatus. Retrieved from http://animaldiversity. ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Python_reticulatus.html.

Ministry of Environment. (1998). Inventory Methods of Snakes, Standards for Components of British Columbia Biodiversity No. 38. British Columbia: Resources Inventory Committee. Retrieved from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/ric

Reinert, H. K. (1993). Snakes Ecology and Behaviour. In R. A. Seigel & J. T. Collins (Eds.), Habitat Selection in Snakes (p. 414). New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

Ross, R. A., & Marzec, G. (1990). The Reproductive Husbdanry of Pythons and Boas. California: Institute for Herpetological Research Publishing, Inc.

Schlaepfer, M. A., Hoover, C., & Dodd, C. K. (2005). Challenges in Evaluating the Impact of the Trade in Amphibians and Reptiles on Wild Populations. BioScience, 55(3), 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0256:CIETIO]2.0.CO;2

Shine, R. (1998). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. In H. G. Cogger & R. G. Zweifel (Eds.), Snakes. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd.

Shine, R., Harlow, P., Ambariyanto, Boeadi, Mumpuni, & Keogh, J. S. (1998). Monitoring monitors: a biological perspective on the commercial harvesting of Indonesian reptiles. Mertensiella, 9, 61–68.

Shine, R., Harlow, P. S., Keogh, J. S., & Boeadi. (1998). The influence of sex and body size on food habits of a giant tropical snake, Python reticulatus. Functional Ecology, 12(2), 248–258. https://doi.org/ 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00179.x

Shinea, R., Ambariyanto, Harlow, P., & Mumpuni. (1999). Reticulated pythons in Sumatra: biology, harvesting and sustainability. Biology Conservation, 87(3), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00068-8

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2017.14.1.45-55

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