REGENERASI ALAMI HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT TERBAKAR DAN LAHAN GAMBUT TERBAKAR DI TUMBANG NUSA, KALIMANTAN TENGAH DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KONSERVASI

Made Hesti Lestari Tata, Sukaesih Pradjadinata

Sari


Salah satu kawasan hutan rawa gambut yang mengalami kebakaran berulang adalah Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang komposisi jenis, keragaman vegetasi, regenerasi, dan tingkat kemiripan jenis di hutan rawa dan lahan gambut dengan sejarah kebakaran yang berbeda, yaitu hutan sekunder (HS), hutan terbakar tahun 1997 (HT97), hutan terbakar berulang (HT04), dan lahan gambut terbakar dikelola dengan sistem agroforestri (AF). HT97 dan HT04 memiliki komposisi vegetasi yang berbeda. Jenis vegetasi tingkat pohon di HS didominasi oleh Calophyllum macrocarpum. Komposisi vegetasi tingkat pohon di hutan bekas terbakar (HT97 dan HT04) didominasi oleh Cratoxylum arborescens.Indeks kemiripan jenis Sorensen (IS) di HS dengan HT97 cukup tinggi (IS= 62,79%), sedangkan indeks Sorensen antara HS dengan HT04 = 25,81%. Kebakaran menurunkan keragaman jenis. Keragaman jenis Shannon-Wiener (H’) tingkat pohon di HS relatif tinggi (H’= 3,30), sedangkan indeks H’ di HT97 dan HT04 masing-masing 2,61 dan 1,75. Pada tingkat pohon, ada 24 jenis yang hanya dijumpai di HS dan tidak dijumpai di hutan terbakar; 66,67% jenis tersebut merupakan tipe zoochory. Tipe penyebaran benih di masing-masing habitat perlu diperhatikan berkaitan dengan upaya konservasi di KHDTK Tumbang Nusa.


Kata Kunci


Analisis vegetasi; ekologi; komposisi jenis; pemencar benih; zoochory

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2013.10.3.327-342

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