JENIS POHON TARGET DAN AKTIVITAS PEMBALAKAN LIAR DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG

Nurul Ihsan Fawzi, Agus Novianto, Agus Supianto, Nur Febriani

Sari


Informasi tentang jenis-jenis pohon yang menjadi target untuk ditebang di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung (TNGP) masih minim. Mengetahui jenis pohon yang ditebang dari aktivitas pembalakan liar diharapkan membantu upaya peningkatan konservasi biodiversitas khususnya perlindungan terhadap jenis pohon terancam punah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pohon yang dicari dan ditebang di dalam kawasan TNGP; (2) mengetahui frekuensi penebangan; dan (3) mengetahui  jumlah penebang yang aktif menebang di kawasan TNGP. Program ini merupakan hasil kerja sama antara Yayasan Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI), Health in Harmony, dan Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Palung. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara terhadap 43 penebang yang telah bergabung program chainsaw buyback untuk memulai wiraswasta. Selain  itu, dilakukan  survei  lapangan  untuk  mengetahui  jumlah penebang aktif yang menebang di kawasan TNGP. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 26 jenis pohon dari 15 suku yang sering ditebang di kawasan TNGP. Pohon bengkirai, meranti (kelompok meranti merah dan meranti putih)  dan ulin adalah jenis pohon yang paling banyak ditebang. Dalam kondisi normal, pohon tersebut ditebang sebanyak ± 5,7-9,88 pohon perminggu dengan frekuensi menebang ± 1,91-1,41 (~2) kali per minggu. Frekuensi menebang meningkat saat musim kemarau. Dari hasil survei lapangan didapatkan rata-rata jumlah penebang aktif yang menebang di TNGP adalah 61 penebang per tahun. Keberadaan penebang tersebut membuat TNGP diperkirakan kehilangan ±18.300 pohondengan diameter > 40 cm per tahun. Informasi tentang jenis-jenis pohon yang ditebang dan frekuensi menebang ini dapat menjadi dasar pengelolaan dan upaya konservasi diTNGP.


Kata Kunci


Deforestasi; pohon target pembalakan liar; Taman Nasional; Gunung Palung; dipterokarpa; konservasi

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2020.17.1.49-63

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