Keanekaragaman Jenis Herpetofauna sebagai Dampak Pembangunan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Sumatera Selatan

Muhammad Farid Al Faritsi, Yanto Santosa

Sari


Perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang terus terjadi dianggap memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kekayaan satwa liar khususnya herpetofauna. Herpetofauna memiliki peran yang penting dalam ekosistem sehingga upaya pelestariannya dalam kajian ekologis perlu menjadi perhatian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perkebunan kelapa sawit terhadap keanekaragaman jenis dan komposisi jenis herpetofauna. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Visual Encounter Survey (VES) dengan membandingkan lima tipe tutupan lahan dengan tutupan lahan semak belukar, yang merupakan tipe tutupan lahan sebelum dialihkan menjadi perkebunan sawit. Perubahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak positif pada keanekaragaman jenis herpetofauna. Jumlah jenis herpetofauna pada kondisi semak belukar sebanyak 6 jenis dengan indeks kekayaan jenis sebesar 1,48, indeks keanekaragaman jenis sebesar 0,83, dan indeks kemerataan jenis sebesar 0,46. Setelah menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit, terjadi penambahan 4 jenis herpetofauna, serta peningkatan indeks kekayaan jenis sebanyak 1,09, indeks keanekaragaman jenis sebanyak 1,08, dan  indeks kemerataan jenis sebanyak 0,37. Dengan demikian, jumlah jenis herpetofauna setelah konversi lahan menjadi 10 jenis dengan indeks kekayaan jenis sebesar 2,57, indeks keanekaragaman jenis sebesar 1,91, dan indeks kemerataan jenis sebesar 0,83. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan sawit menyebabkan perubahan pada komposisi jenis herpetofauna sebesar 63%.


Kata Kunci


Dampak; Herpetofauna; Keanekaragaman Jenis; Kelapa Sawit

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2021.18.1.39-51

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