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KONFIRMASI JENIS DAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK SENGON RESISTEN DAN RENTAN INFEKSI KARAT TUMOR MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA DNA KLOROPLAS (Species confirmation and genetic diversity of Gall-rust resistant and susceptible sengon using chloroplast DNA marker)
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ABSTRACT
Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) plantations, particularly in Java, have been facing threats from gall-rust disease caused by the pathogen Uromycladium falcatariae, which has caused considerable economic losses. Other species with morphological similarities with F. moluccana raises the question of whether the infected and non-infected sengon are the same species. This study aimed to confirm the haplotype of infected and non-infected sengon by gall-rust and compare them with a morphologically similar species of Albizia chinensis using the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer region molecular marker on chloroplast DNA. Wet wood samples from 32 infected plants and 32 non-infected plants were collected from Bogor and Ciamis, West Java, for analysis and comparison with A. chinensis sequences from the same gene region. The results showed that the infected and non-infected sengon came from the same haplotype with a genetic distance of 0 and InDel diversity of 0,031. Meanwhile, from 380 parallel aligned sites, there were 27 different sites between F. moluccana and A. chinensis. The genetic distance of the two species was classified as very low at 0.017. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer region sequences of sengon in this study were the first to be uploaded to GenBank and can be accessed with accession numbers of LC456638.1 to LC456701.1.
ABSTRAK
Hutan tanaman sengon (Falcataria moluccana), khususnya di Pulau Jawa, pada umumya menghadapi serangan penyakit karat tumor yang disebabkan oleh patogen Uromycladium falcatariae, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar. Adanya spesies lain yang memiliki kemiripan morfologi dengan F. moluccana menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah sengon yang terserang dan tidak terserang karat tumor merupakan jenis yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengonfirmasi jenis sengon yang terserang dan tidak terserang karat tumor dan membandingkan dengan spesies yang mirip secara morfologi, yaitu Albizia chinensis menggunakan penanda molekuler daerah psbA-trnH intergenic spacer pada DNA kloroplas. Sampel kayu basah dari 32 tanaman terserang dan 32 tanaman yang tidak terserang karat tumor diambil dari Bogor dan Ciamis, Jawa Barat, untuk dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan sekuens A. chinensis dari wilayah gen yang sama. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sengon yang terserang dan tidak terserang berasal dari haplotipe yang sama dengan jarak genetik 0 dan keragaman InDel sebesar 0,031. Sementara itu, dari 380 situs yang sejajar, terdapat 27 situs yang berbeda antara F. moluccana dan A. chinensis. Jarak genetik kedua jenis tersebut tergolong sangat rendah yaitu 0,017. Sekuens daerah psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sengon dalam penelitian ini merupakan yang pertama diunggah di GenBank dan dapat diakses dengan nomer aksesi LC456638.1 sampai LC456701.1.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2020.17.2.117-130
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