KARAKTERISTIK TAPAK, BENIH DAN BIBIT 11 POPULASI JABON PUTIH (Anthocepalus cadamba Miq.)

Dede J Sudrajat, Yulianti Bramasto, Iskandar Z Siregar

Sari


Jabon putih (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hutan cepat tumbuh potensial yang tersebar secara alami di sebagian besar pulau-pulau Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik tapak dan keragaman morfofisiologi benih dan bibit jabon putih. Benih dikumpulkan dari 11 populasi alami, yaitu di Sumatera (3 populasi), Jawa (2 populasi), Nusa Kambangan (1 populasi), Kalimantan (2 populasi), Sulawesi (2 populasi) dan Sumbawa (1 populasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jabon putih mempunyai sebaran tempat tumbuh yang sangar luas dan kisaran kondisi tapak secara alami yang cukup beragam. Jenis ini mampu tumbuh baik pada kisaran ketinggian tempat 23–628 m dpl dengan kisaran pH tanah 4,4–6,7 dan tingkat kesuburan rendah hingga tinggi. Karakteristik morfofisiologi benih dan bibit berbeda nyata antar populasi, kecuali untuk karakter panjang radikula. Buah dengan ukuran dan berat yang lebih tinggi berkorelasi dengan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik. Panjang benih berkorelasi dengan waktu rata-rata berkecambah dan panjang radikula. Korelasi juga terjadi antar karakter pada tingkat bibit. Sebagian besar karakter benih dan bibit yang diamati tidak berkorelasi dengan faktor- faktor geoklimat. Koefisien keragaman genotipe untuk semua parameter buah, benih, dan bibit ditemukan lebih tinggi daripada koefisien keragaman lingkungan.

Kata Kunci


Anthocephalus cadamda; fruit; seed and seedling; variation; morphophysiology; Anthocephalus cadamda; buah; benih dan bibit; keragaman; morfofisiologi

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2014.11.1.31-44

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