Kajian Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Karakteristik Hidrologis di Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu (Study of Land Cover Change on Hydrological Characteristics in Gunung Dahu Research Forest)

Nevky Emiraj Saputra, Cahyo Wibowo, Suria Darma Tarigan, Yunita Lisnawati

Sari


Abstract

The Gunung Dahu Research Forest Area was originally degraded land that was converted into forested land through a revegetation program with dipterocarp tree species in 1997. Intensive revegetation activities within the area have increased forest cover and increased water infiltration capacity. This study aims to determine the effect of changes in land cover and stand characteristics on hydrological characteristics in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest. The results showed that revegetation activities had increased forested land cover to 113.8%. This increase in forested area is supported by an increase in standing stock volume up to 276 m3/ha. This increase plays an important role, especially in increasing infiltration capacity due to the deeper tree roots. Changes in land cover were influenced by hydrological conditions with an increase in lateral flow of 127%, baseflow of 483.8%, and a decrease in surface runoff of 5.8%. Forested land cover is important so that water sources are maintained and can be sustainably utilized by the community.

Key words: Hydrological characteristics, land cover, stands, soil water

 

Abstrak

Kawasan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu awalnya merupakan lahan terdegradasi yang diubah menjadi lahan berhutan melalui program revegatasi dengan jenis pohon dipterokarpa pada tahun 1997. Kegiatan revegetasi yang intensif di dalam kawasan telah meningkatkan tutupan hutan dan meningkatkan kapasitas infiltrasi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan tutupan lahan dan karakteristik tegakan terhadap karakteristik hidrologi di Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu. Analisis perubahan tutupan lahan dilakukan menggunakan data citra satelit Landsat tahun 1997, 2007 dan 2020. Citra ini kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode klasifikasi terbimbing dan penentuan karakteristik hidrologi menggunakan Soil and Water Assessment Tools. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan revegetasi telah meningkatkan tutupan lahan berhutan menjadi 113,8%. Peningkatan luas berhutan ini didukung dengan peningkatan volume standing stock sampai 276 m3/ha. Peningkatan tersebut telah meningkatkan kapasitas infiltrasi karena semakin dalamnya perakaran pohon. Perubahan tutupan lahan memengaruhi kondisi hidrologi, yaitu peningkatan aliran lateral 127%, aliran dasar 483,8%, dan penurunan limpasan permukaan 5,8%. Tutupan lahan berhutan menjadi penting agar sumber air tetap terjaga dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat secara lestari.

Kata kunci: Karakteristik hidrologis, tutupan lahan, tegakan, soil water


Kata Kunci


Karakteristik hidrologis; tutupan lahan; tegakan; soil water

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Al-Doski, J., Mansor1, S.B., Zulhaidi, H., & Shafri, M. (2013). Image Classification in Remote Sensing. 3(10). Retrieved from www.iiste.org

Andrade, E.M., Guerreiro, M.J.S., Palácio, H.A.Q., & Campos, D.A. (2020). Ecohydrology in a Brazilian tropical dry forest: thinned vegetation impact on hydrological functions and ecosystem services. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100649

Astuti, I.S., Sahoo, K., Milewski, A., & Mishra, D.R. (2019). Impact of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change on surface runoff in an increasingly urbanized tropical watershed. Water Resources Management, 33(12), 4087–4103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02320-w

Bo, H., Dong, X., Li, Z., Reta, G., Li, L., & Wei, C. (2020). Analysis of water balance components and parameter uncertainties based on swat model with cmads data and sufi-2 algorithm in Huangbaihe River Catchment, China. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 19(2), 637–650. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2020.V19I02.018

Calder, I. (2005). The Blue Revolution: Land Use and Integrated Water Resources Management (2nd ed.). London: Earthscan.

David, M., Fauzi, M., & Sandhyavitri, A. (2016). Analisis laju infiltrasi pada tutupan ahan perkebunan dan Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Siak. In Jom FTEKNIK,3(2), 1-12.

Deng, L., Wang, K., Li, J., Zhao, G., & Shangguan, Z. (2016). Effect of soil moisture and atmospheric humidity on both plant productivity and diversity of native grasslands across the Loess Plateau, China. Ecological Engineering, 94, 525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.048

Dou, Y., Yang, Y., An, S., & Zhu, Z. (2020). Effects of different vegetation restoration measures on soil aggregate stability and erodibility on the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104294

Forest Research Development Center. (2022). Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu.

Gebrehiwot, S.G., Breuer, L., & Lyon, S.W. (2021). Storage-discharge relationships under forest cover change in Ethiopian highlands. Water (Switzerland), 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/w13162310

Ilstedt, U., Malmer, A., Verbeeten, E., & Murdiyarso, D. (2007). The effect of afforestation on water infiltration in the tropics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 251(1-2), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.014

Jasechko, S., Sharp, Z.D., Gibson, J.J., Birks, S.J., Yi, Y., & Fawcett, P.J. (2013). Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration. Nature, 496(7445), 347–350. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11983

Kibii, J.K., Kipkorir, E.C., & Kosgei, J.R. (2021). Application of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to evaluate the impact of land use and climate variability on the kaptagat catchment river discharge. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041802

Kim, G.S., Lim, C.H., Kim, S.J., Lee, J., Son, Y., & Lee, W.K. (2017). Effect of national-scale afforestation on forest water supply and soil loss in South Korea, 1971-20. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061017

Latuamury, B., Gunawan, T., & Suprayogi, S. (2012). Pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi penutup lahan terhadap karakteristik resesi hidrograf pada beberapa sub das di Propinsi Jawa Tengah dan Propinsi DIY. MGI, 26(2), 98-118.

Maisaroh, M. (2013). Analisis Keberlanjutan Pemanfaatan Air Secara Langsung di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Kabupaten Bogor. [Tesis] Bogor (ID): Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB University.

Morris, C.E., Conen, F., Alex Huffman, J., Phillips, V., Pöschl, U., & Sands, D.C. (2014). Bioprecipitation: a feedback cycle linking Earth history, ecosystem dynamics and land use through biological ice nucleators in the atmosphere. Global Change Biology, 20(2), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12447

Neitsch, S., Arnold, J., Kiniry, J., & Williams, J. (2011). Soil and Water Assesment Tools: Theorethical Documentation Version 2009. Texas: Texas A&M University System.

Nugraha, A.E., Pamoengkas, P., Fambayun, A.R., & Rachmat, H.H (2020). Growth evaluation of red meranti species in restoration area of Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 17(2), 191-205. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2020.17.2.191-205

Puslitbang Hutan. (2020). Pengelolaan Jangka Panjang (RPJP) Hutan Penelitian (HP) Gunung Dahu Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat 2020-2024. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Hutan Badan Penelitian Pengembangan Dan Inovasi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan.

Pizarro, R., Valdés-Pineda, R., Garcia-Chevesich, P.A., Ibáñez, A., Pino, J., Scott, D.F., Neary, D., McCray, J., Castillo, M., Ubilla, P. (2022). The Large-Scale Effect of Forest Cover on Long-Term Streamflow Variations in Mediterranean Catchments of Central Chile. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8), 4443. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084443

Rachmat, H.H., Pamoengkas, P., Sholihah, L., Fambayun, R.A., & Susilowati, A. (2020). The effect of planting technique on the growth of two shorea species in Gunung Dahu, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(9), 4131–4138. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210926

Rachmat, H.H, Ginoga, K.L., Lisnawati, Y., Hidayat, A., Imanuddin, R., Fambayun, R. A., Yulita, K., Susilowati, A. (2021). Generating multifunctional landscape through reforestation with native trees in the tropical region: a case study of gunung dahu research forest, Bogor, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111950

Salim, A.G., Dharmawan, I.W.S., & Narendra, B.H. (2019). Pengaruh perubahan luas tutupan lahan hutan terhadap karakteristik hidrologi DAS Citarum Hulu. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(2), 333. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.2.333-340

Samsoedin, I., Heriyanto, N., & Subiandono, E. (2010). Struktur dan komposisi jenis tumbuhan hutan pamah di kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus (KHDTK) Carita, Provinsi Banten. Jurnal Penelitian dan Konservasi Alam, 7(2), 139–148.

Saputra, N.E., Wibowo, C., & Lisnawati, Y. (2021). Analysis of soil physical properties and infiltration rates for various land uses at Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Bogor District, West Java Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 713(1). IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/713/1/012034

Schmidt, F.H., & Ferguson, J.H.A. (1951). Rainfall types based on wet and dry period ratios for Indonesia with Western New Guinee. Kementerian Perhubungan, Djawatan Meteorologi dan Geofisik.

Setyawan, R.E., Puspaningsih, N., Saleh, M.B., Kehutanan, F., & Pertanian Bogor, I. (n.d.). Pengolahan Data dan Pengenalan Pola.

Sisodia, P.S., Tiwari, V., & Kumar, A. (2014). Analysis of supervised maximum likelihood classification for remote sensing image. International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE-2014), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAIE.2014.6909319

Song, X.P., Hansen, M.C., Stehman, S.V, Potapov, P.V, Tyukavina, A., Vermote, E.F., & Townshend, J.R. (2018). Global land change from 1982 to 2016. Nature, 560(7720), 639–643. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0411-9

Stothoff, S.A., Or, D., Groeneveld, D.P., & Jones, S.B. (1999). The effect of vegetation on infiltration in shallow soils underlain by fissured bedrock. In Journal of Hydrology 218(3-4), 169-190.

Subiakto, A., Rachmat, H.H., & Sakai, C. (2016). Choosing native tree species for establishing man-made forest: a new perspective for sustainable forest management in changing world. Biodiversitas, 17(2), 620-625. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170233

Supangat, B., Sudira, P., Supriyo, & Poedjirahajoe, E. (2016). Pengaruh penebangan hutan tanaman Eucalyptus pellita F.muell terhadap peningkatan aliran sungai dan sedimen. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 13(2), 113-122.

Vásquez-Méndez, R., Ventura-Ramos, E., Oleschko, K., Hernández-Sandoval, L., Parrot, J.F., & Nearing, M.A. (2010). Soil erosion and runoff in different vegetation patches from semiarid Central Mexico. Catena, 80(3), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2009.11.003

Zhang, J., Bruijnzeel, L.A., Quiñones, C.M., Tripoli, R., Asio, V.B., & van Meerveld, H.J. (2019). Soil physical characteristics of a degraded tropical grassland and a ‘reforest’: Implications for runoff generation. Geoderma, 333, 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.022

Zhang, Y.W, Wang, K.B. , Wang, J., Liu, C., & Shangguan, Z.P. (2021). Changes in soil water holding capacity and water availability following vegetation restoration on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88914-0




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2023.20.1.37-50

##submission.copyrightStatement##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman (JPHT)

eISSN : 2442-8930 pISSN : 1829-6327

JPHT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.