Keragaman genetik Gonystylus bancanus (miq.) kurz berdasarkan penanda RAPD (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA)

Antonius WPBC Widyatmoko; nfn Aprianto

doi:10.20886/jpth.2013.7.1.53-71

Keragaman genetik Gonystylus bancanus (miq.) kurz berdasarkan penanda RAPD (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA)

Antonius WPBC Widyatmoko, nfn Aprianto

Abstract

Gonystylus bancanus (Ramin) is one of the most valuable timber species in peat swamp forest. Over harvesting and illegal logging had decreased the potential of the species. Thus, conservation of the species becomes a very crucial activity to be carried out. In order to conserve efficient and effectively, it is important to gather information of genetic diversity and its distribution, and also genetic relationship among populations. In this activity, 86 loci from 20 RAPD primers were used for analyzing genetic diversity of 10 populations of ramin distributed in Kalimantan and Sumatera. As a result, mean genetic diversity of the 10 populations was 0.329, and mean genetic distance between populations was 0.061. Genetic diversity within population (94%) was higher than between populations (6%). Based on cluster analysis, 10 populations of ramin were divided into 2 groups. The first group was consisted of Kuok B, and the remaining 9 populations were clustered into the second group. The second group could be divided into 3 sub-groups, the first sub-group consisted of Mesukuh I, Mesukuh II, Pakilat I, Kanarakan dan Nyaru Menteng, second sub-group was consisted of Pakilat II, and the third sub-group was consisted of PT Diamond, Kuok A and Berbak.

Keywords

Gonystylus bancanus; genetic diversity; RAPD; conservation

Full Text:

PDF

References

Hale, M. L., Burg, T. M. and Steeves, T. E. 2012. Sampling for microsatellite-based population genetic study: 25-30 individuals per population is enough to accurately estimate allele frequencies. PloS One 7(9):e45170

Hartati, D., Rimbawanto, A., Taryono, Sulistyaningsih, E. dan Widyatmoko, AYPBC. 2007. Pendugaan keragaman genetik di dalam dan antar provenan Pulai menggunakan penanda RAPD. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 1(2): 51-98

IUCN. 2006. Red List of Endangered Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. http://www.iucnredlist.org/

Jayusman. 2007. Degradasi sumberdaya genetik jenis ramin dan upaya penyelamatannya. Apforgen newsletter 4:1-4

Khanlou, K. M., Vandepitte, K., Asl, K. L. dan Bockstaele, E. 2011. Towards an optimal sampling strategy for assessing genetic variation within and among white clover (Trifolius repens L.) cultivars using AFLP. Genetics and Molecular Biology 34 (2): 252-258

Kusumadewi, Y., Poerba, Y. S. dan Partomihardjo, T. 2010. Keragaman Genetika Ramin [Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz] dari Provinsi Riau Berdasarkan Profil Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 6(2): 173-184

Nei, M. 1973. Analysis od genetic diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 3321-3323

Nei, M. 1978. Estimate of a average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individual. Genetics 89: 583-590

Nybom, H. dan Bartish, I. V. 2000. Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 3(2): 93–114

Pandey, R. M., Adams, R. P. dan Flournoy, L. E. 1996. Inhibitation of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) by Plant Polysaccharides. Plant Molecular Ecology 14(1): 17-22

Peakall, R. dan Smouse P. E. 2006. GenAlEx 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 288-295

Rimbawanto, A. dan Widyatmoko, AYPBC. 2006. Keragaman genetik empat populasi Intsia bijuga berdasarkan penanda RAPD dan implikasinya bagi program konservasi genetik. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Hutan 3(3): 149-154

Rimbawanto, A., Widyatmoko, AYPBC dan Harkingto. 2006b. Keragaman populasi Eusideroxylon zwageri Kalimantan Timur berdasarkan penanda RAPD. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Hutan 3(3): 201-208

Savitri, E., Komar, T. E. dan Rusmana. 2010. Conservation and establishment of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) genepool. Proc. of the Regional Workshop on The Sharing and Findings from the Activities Implemented in Indonesia and Malaysia under the ITTO-CITES Project on Ensuring International Trade in CITES-listed Timber Species is Consistent with Their Sustainable Management and Conservation (Ed. Hamzah et al.). pp. 90-92. Pahang, Malaysia, 1-4 December 2010

Shaw, A. 1954. Thymelaeaceae-Gonystyloideae. In C.G.G.J. Van Steenis (Editor) Flora Malaysiana. Ser I. Vol. IV. Noordhoff-Koef. NV. Jakarta. P. 358-365

Shiraishi, S. dan A. Watanabe. 1995. Identification of chloroplast genome between Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc. and P. thunbergii Parl. based on the polymorphism in rbcL gene. J. Jpn. For. Soc. 77: 429-436 (in Japanese with English summary)

Tukirin, P. 2006. Populasi Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz) di Hutan Alam: Regenerasi, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi. Prosiding Workshop Nasional “Policy Option on the Conservation and Utilization of Ramin”, pp. 40-54

Wardhani, M., Yafid, B., Komar., T. E., Nurjanah, S. dan Rosita, D. T. 2010. Gonystylus spp, (Ramin): Population Status, Genetics and Gene Conservation. An Executibe Summary, ITTO-CITES Project on Exploratory Assessment on the Population Distribution and Potential Uses of Non-Gonystylus bancanus species in Indonesia. Forestry Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Forestry

Widyatmoko, AYPBC, Afrianti, R. D., Taryono dan Rimbawanto, A. 2009. Keragaman Genetik Lima Populasi Gyrinops verstegii di Lombok menggunakan Penanda RAPD. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 3:1-10.

Widyatmoko, AYPBC, Ariningsih, E. D. dan Prasetyaningsih, A. 2011. Keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan pada tiga jenis Aquilaria menggunakan penanda RAPD. Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan 5: 139-148

Williams, J. G.K., Kubelik, A. R., Livak, K. J., Rafalski, J. A. dan Tingey, S. V. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research, 18(22): 6535

Yeh, F., Rongcai, Y. and Boyle, T. 2000. POPGENE-1.32: A free program for the analysis of genetic variation among and within populations using co-dominant and dominant markers. Department of Renewable Resources at the University of Alberta, Canada. At http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/ index.htm.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2013.7.1.53-71