NILAI EKONOMI JASA LINGKUNGAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI SUAKA MARGASATWA KARANG GADING

Sari

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research was to quantify the economic value of mangrove forest environment services as the carbon stock, wildlife habitat, and abrasion prevention at Karang Gading Game Reserve (KGGR), North Sumatera. The research was conducted for eight months from April to November 2013. Plant biomass was assessed in 60 of 100 m2plots for trees, saplings, and seedlings. A suitable allometric model for local attributes was applied to calculate biomass and carbon storage. Contingent Valuation Method/CVM based on completed questionnaires from communities in three villages was used to calculate the benefit economic value. The results showed that the average value of Above Ground Carbon and Below-Ground Carbon storages were 63.777 mg/ha and 14.031 mg/ha respectively. The economic value of carbon sequestration in mangrove forests was IDR 83,187,215,641. Meanwhile, the average economic value of wildlife habitat and abrasion prevention was 3,211,074,666 and IDR 6,369,743,333 respectively. Therefore, the total economic value of environment services for mangrove forests was about IDR 92,768,033,640.

Key words: Economic, environmental services, Karang Gading Game Reserve, mangrove.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai ekonomi jasa lingkungan hutan mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon, habitat satwaliar dan pencegah abrasi pada Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading (SMKG), Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 bulan dari April sampai November 2013. Pengukuran biomassa tumbuhan (meliputi tingkat pohon, belta dan semai) dilakukan pada 60 plot, masingmasing berukuran 100 m2. Penghitungan biomassa dan simpanan karbon dilakukan berdasarkan persamaan allometrik yang sesuai dengan karakteristik lokasi. Penghitungan nilai ekonomi manfaat keberadaan hutan mangrove menggunakan metode Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) berdasarkan isian kuisioner masyarakat di 3 desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata simpanan karbon di atas permukaan tanah Above Ground Carbon (AGC) sebesar 63,777 mg/ha sedangkan Below Ground Carbon (BGC) sebesar 14,031 mg/ha. Nilai ekonomi simpanan karbon hutan mangrove SMKG sebesar Rp 83.187.215.641,-. Rata-rata nilai ekonomi hutan mangrove SMKG sebagai habitat satwaliar sebesar Rp 3.211.074.666,- dan sebagai pencegah abrasi sebesar Rp 6.369.743.333,-. Total nilai ekonomi jasa lingkungan hutan mangrove di SMKG untuk saat ini adalah sebesar Rp 92.768.033.640.

Kata kunci: Jasa lingkungan, mangrove, nilai ekonomi, Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading.