Penggunaan Habitat dan Pemodelan Distribusi Spasial Macan Tutul Jawa di Kawasan Gunung Sawal, Jawa Barat

Ilham Setiawan Noer, Hendra Gunawan, Dede Aulia Rahman

Sari


Macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas) merupakan predator puncak yang berstatus dilindungi, kritis (critically endangered), dan salah satu dari 25 satwa prioritas nasional. Data dan informasi terkait penggunaan habitat dan pemodelan distribusi spasial macan tutul jawa masih sedikit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi penggunaan habitat macan tutul jawa, serta membuat pemodelan distribusi spasial macan tutul jawa. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui pemasangan camera trap, metode eksplorasi, dan pengumpulan variabel lingkungan dengan metode Maximum Entropy. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Relative Use Index, pemodelan Maximum Entropy, dan Relative Abundance Index. Berdasarkan penelitian, penggunaan habitat oleh macan tutul jawa dengan nilai paling tinggi terdapat pada tipe habitat berupa hutan alam primer, ketinggian 751-1.250 mdpl, dan kemiringan lahan curam (26-40%), dengan sedikit gangguan manusia. Variabel lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh adalah jarak dari satwa mangsa, lereng, dan ketinggian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan implikasi pengelolaan, yaitu 1) area yang dinilai sesuai bagi macan tutul jawa dapat dipertahankan keberadaannya, sedangkan area yang kurang sesuai dapat dilakukan perbaikan habitat; 2) integrasi antara kawasan konservasi dengan kawasan hutan disekitarnya penting untuk dilakukan agar populasi macan tutul jawa dapat tertampung dengan baik, 3) mitigasi konflik juga penting untuk dilakukan melalui kerja sama yang melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan.


Kata Kunci


Kesesuaian habitat, penggunaan habitat, macan tutul jawa, maxent

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Alexander, J. S., Gopalaswamy, A. M., Shi, K., Hughes, J., Riordan, P. (2016). Patterns of snow leopard site use in an increasingly human-dominated landscape. PLoS One, 11(5), e0155309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155309.

Andrian, S., Purba, M. (2014). Pengaruh ketinggian tempat dan kemiringan lerengterhadap produksi karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) di kebun Hasepong PTPN III Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Online Agroteknologi, 3(2): 981–989.

Athreya, V., Odden, M., Linnell, J. D. C., Krishnaswamy, J., & Karanth, U. (2013). Big Cats in Our Backyards: Persistence of Large Carnivores in a Human Dominated Landscape in India. PLoS ONE, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057872.

Athreya, V., Odden, M., Linnell, J. D. C., Krishnaswamy, J., & Karanth, K. U. (2016). A cat among the dogs: Leopard Panthera pardus diet in a human-dominated landscape in western Maharashtra, India. Oryx, 50(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605314000106.

CITES. (2020). Appendices I, II, and III, valid from 28 August 2020. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Diakses dari: https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php.

Clements, G. R., Rayan, D. M., Aziz, S. A., Kawanishi, K., Traeholt, C., Magintan, D., Yazi, M. F. A., & Tingley, R. (2012). Predicting the distribution of the asian tapir in Peninsular Malaysia using maximum entropy modelling. Integrative Zoology, 7(4), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00314.x.

Debeljak, M., Dzeroski, S., Jerina, K., Kobler, A., Adamic, M., (2001). Habitat suitability modelling of red deer (Cervus elaphus, L) in South-Central Slovenia. Ecological Modelling, 138 (1–3): 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00411-7.

Ekwal, I., Tahir, H., & Tahir, M. (2012). Modelling of Habitat Suitability Index for Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) Using Remote Sensing, GIS and Multiple Logistic Regression. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 3(2), 93–102.

Elith, J., Phillips, S. J., Hastie, T., Dudík, M., Chee, Y. E., & Yates, C. J. (2011). A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists. Diversity and Distributions, 17(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x.

Fathony, R. A. (2020). Konflik dan persepsi masyarakat sekitar kawasan hutan Gunung Sawal terhadap macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) (Skripsi Sarjana). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Furstenburg, D. (2010). Focus on the Leopard (Panthera pardus). Heidelberg: Geo Wild Consult (Pty) Ltd.

Gasso, N., Thuiller, W., Pino, J., & Vila, M. (2012). Potential distribution range of invasive plant species in Spain. NeoBiota, 12, 25–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.12.2341.

Gunawan, H. (2010). Habitat dan penyebaran macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier 1809) di Lansekap Terfragmentasi di Jawa Tengah (Desertasi Doktor). Insitut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.

Gunawan, H., Prasetyo, L. B., Mardiastuti, A., & Kartono, A. P. (2012). Habitat macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier 1809) di lansekap hutan tanaman pinus. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 9(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2012.9.1.049-067.

Gunawan, H., Iskandar, S., Sihombing, V. S., Wienanto, R. (2017). Conflict between humans and leopards (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) in Western Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(2), 652–658. https://doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d180229.

Gunawan, H., & Sihombing, V. S. (2017). Preferensi habitat macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier 1809) di Jawa bagian barat. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 1, 35–43. https://doi: 10.20886/jphka.2017.14.1.35-44.

Istiawan, N. D., Kastono, D. (2019). Pengaruh ketinggian tempat tumbuh terhadap hasil dan kualitas minyak cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry.) di Kecamatan Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. Vegetalika, 8(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.22146/VEG.35744.

Jafari, A., Ahmadmahmoodi, R. Z., & Mirzaei, R. (2018). Persian leopard and wild sheep distribution modelling using the maxent model in the Tang-e-Sayad protected area, Iran. Mammalia, 83(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2016-0155.

Knopff, A. A., Knopff, K. H., Boyce, M. S., & St. Clair, C. C. (2014). Flexible habitat selection by cougars in response to anthropogenic development. Biological Conservation, 178, 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.07.017.

O’Brien, T. G., Kinnaird, M. F., & Wibisono, H. T. (2003). Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367943003003172.

Patthey, P. (2003). Habitat and corridor selection of an expanding red deer (Cevus Elaphus) population (Desertasi Doktor). University of Lausanne, Lausanne.

Pearson, R. G., Raxworthy, C. J., Nakamura, M., Peterson, A. T. (2007). Predicting species distributions from small numbers of occurrence records: a test case using geckos in Madagascar. Journal of Biogeogrhapy, 34, 102–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01594.x.

Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor. P.106/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/12/2018 tentang Perubahan kedua atas peraturan menteri lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan No. P.20/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/6/2018 tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi.

Rahman, D. A., Gonzalez, G., Haryono, M., Muhtarom, A., Firdaus, A. Y., & Aulagnier, S. (2017). Factors affecting seasonal habitat use, and predicted range of two tropical deer in Indonesian rainforest. Acta Oecologica, 82, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2017.05.008.

Rahman, D. A., Rianti, P., Muhiban, M., Muhtarom, A., Rahmat, U. M., Santosa, Y., & Aulagnier, S. (2018). Density and spatial partitioning of endangered sympatric Javan leopard (Felidae) and dholes (Canidae) in a tropical forest landscape. Folia Zoologica, 67(3–4), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i3-4.a8.2018.

Rahman, D. A., Rinaldi, D., Kuswanda, W., Siregar, R., Ch, F. N., Hakim, F., … & Putro, H. R. (2019). Determining the landscape priority and their threats for the critically endangered Pongo tapanuliensis population in Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(12), 3584–3592. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d201217.

Rahman, D. A. (2020). Ecological niche and potential distribution of the endangered bos javanicus in South-Western Java, Indonesia. Therya, 11(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-20-840.

Ripple, W. J., Estes, J. A., Beschta, R. L., Wilmers, C. C., Ritchie, E. G., Hebblewhite, M., … & Wirsing, A. J. (2014). Status and ecological effects of the world’s largest carnivores. Science, 343(6167). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241484.

Sa’adah, V. S., Zuhud, E. A. M., & Siswoyo, S. (2019). The Potential Utilization of Aromatic Plants in Kembang Kuning Resort, Gunung Rinjani National Park, West Nusa Tenggara. Media Konservasi, 24(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.24.1.1-10.

Schutz, M., Risch, A. C., Leuzinger, E., Krusi, B. O., Achermann, G. (2003). Impact of herbivory by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on patterns and processes in subalpine grasslands in the Swiss National Park. Forest Ecology Management, 181, 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00131-2.

Shanidah, S. S., Partasasmita, R., Husodo, T., Parikesit, Febrianto, P., & Megantara, E. N. (2018). The existence of javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas cuvier, 1809) in the non-conservation forest areas of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190107.

Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y. V., & Mishra, C. (2015). Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards?. Biological Conservation, 190, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.026.

Stein, A. B., Athreya, V., Gerngross, P., Balme, G., Henschel, P., Karanth, U., … & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). Panthera pardus (amended version of 2019 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T15954A163991139. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T15954A163991139.en.

Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal KSDAE Nomor. 180/IV-KKH/2015 tentang Penetapan dua puluh lima satwa terancam punah prioritas untuk ditingkatkan populasinya sebesar 10% pada tahun 2015-2019.

Wibisono, H. T., Wahyudi, H. A., Wilianto, E., Pinondang, I. R. M., Primajati, M., Liswanto, D., & Linkie, M. (2018). Identifying priority conservation landscapes and actions for the Critically Endangered Javan leopard in Indonesia: Conserving the last large carnivore in Java Island. PLoS ONE, 13(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198369.

Yulianti, S. (2019). Pemetaan area prioritas restorasi habitat macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (Skripsi Sarjana). Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2021.18.1.53-66

##submission.copyrightStatement##

##submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer##

JURNAL PENELITIAN HUTAN DAN KONSERVASI ALAM INDEXED BY:

More...

Copyright of Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (JPHKA)

eISSN : 2540-9689, pISSN : 0216-0439 

JPHKA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.